Energy coupling method and system for household energy storage
An energy coupling method for household energy storage includes: connecting an alternate current (AC) output from an electric vehicle (EV) to a household electricity grid through an AC-to-AC power converter capable of outputting a vehicle-to-load (V2L) AC power that is synchronized to the household electricity grid; in response to an outage of an electricity grid that supplies power to the household grid, turning on the AC-to-AC power converter to supply the V2L AC power to a household load connected to the household electricity grid; and in response to a recovery of the electricity grid, turning off the AC-to-AC power converter to stop outputting the V2L AC power.
1. An energy coupling method for household energy storage, comprising:
connecting an alternate current (AC) output from an electric vehicle (EV) to a household electricity grid through an AC-to-AC power converter, the AC-to-AC power converter being capable of outputting a vehicle-to-load (V2L) AC power that is synchronized to the household electricity grid, wherein the household electricity grid includes an energy management system (EMS) and a battery energy storage system (BESS);
in response to an outage of an electricity grid that supplies power to the household electricity grid, turning on the AC-to-AC power converter to supply the V2L AC power to a household load connected to the household electricity grid and controlling the BESS to supply a backup AC power to the household electricity grid by the EMS, by performing:
obtaining an amount of energy stored in the battery of the EV and an amount of energy stored in the battery of the BESS;
based on the amount of energy stored in the battery of the EV and the amount of energy stored in the battery of the BESS, determining an output rate of the V2L AC power and an output rate of the backup AC power, such that the amount of energy stored in the battery of the EV and the amount of energy stored in the battery of the BESS are discharged in an equal amount of time, respectively; and
based on the determined output rate of the V2L AC power and the determined output rate of the backup AC power, supplying the V2L AC power and the backup AC power to the household electricity grid; and
in response to a recovery of the electricity grid, turning off the AC-to-AC power converter to stop outputting the V2L AC power.
2. The energy coupling method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
monitoring whether the outage of the electricity grid occurs;
in response to the outage of the electricity grid, disconnecting the household electricity grid from the electricity grid; and
in response to the recovery of the electricity grid, re-connecting the household electricity grid to the electricity grid, and turning off the AC-to-AC power converter to stop supplying the V2L AC power to the household electricity grid.
3. The energy coupling method according to claim 2 , further comprising:
in response to the recovery of the electricity grid, controlling the BESS to stop supplying the backup AC power to the household electricity grid.
4. The energy coupling method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the household electricity grid further includes a solar power generator that is configured to supply a solar generated AC power to the household electricity grid.
5. The energy coupling method according to claim 4 , wherein the EMS is further configured to:
in response to the recovery of the electricity grid, re-connect the household electricity grid to the electricity grid, turn off the AC-to-AC power converter to stop supplying the V2L AC power to the household electricity grid, and control the BESS to receive power from the household electricity grid to charge batteries of the BESS.
6. The energy coupling method according to claim 4 , wherein:
the EMS communicates with the AC-to-AC power converter, the BESS, and the solar power generator through at least one of an Ethernet connection, a controller area network (CAN) bus, an RS-485 serial control bus, a Wi-Fi connection, or a Bluetooth connection; and
the EMS communicates with a smart phone application through at least one of the Ethernet connection, the Wi-Fi connection, or a mobile network connection, the smart phone application allowing a user to manage the household electricity grid.
7. The energy coupling method according to claim 6 , wherein:
the AC-to-AC power converter includes an input terminal for receiving the AC output from the EV, an output terminal for connecting to the household electricity grid, a power converter circuit for converting the AC output from the EV into the V2L AC power that is synchronized to the household electricity grid, and a communication interface for communicating with at least one of the EMS or the smart phone application.
8. The energy coupling method according to claim 7 , wherein:
at least one of the EMS or the smart phone application controls the AC-to-AC power converter to perform one or more operations including:
turning on the AC-to-AC power converter;
turning off the AC-to-AC power converter;
controlling an output power;
retrieving the output power;
retrieving an amplitude and a frequency of the AC output from the electric vehicle;
retrieving an amplitude and a frequency of the V2L AC power;
retrieving a current value of the AC output from the electric vehicle;
retrieving a current value of the V2L AC power; and
retrieving alarms of the AC-to-AC power converter.
9. The energy coupling method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
turning on the AC-to-AC power converter to supply the V2L AC power to the electricity grid through the household electricity grid.
10. An energy coupling system for household energy storage, comprising an energy management system (EMS), wherein the EMS includes one or more processors and one or more memories storing program instructions that, when being executed, cause the one or more processors to:
connect an alternate current (AC) output from an electric vehicle (EV) to a household electricity grid through an AC-to-AC power converter capable of outputting a vehicle-to-load (V2L) AC power that is synchronized to the household electricity grid;
in response to an outage of an electricity grid that supplies power to the household electricity grid, turn on the AC-to-AC power converter to supply the V2L AC power to a household load connected to the household electricity grid and control a battery energy storage system (BESS) to supply a backup AC power to the household electricity grid,
wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
obtain an amount of energy stored in the battery of the EV and an amount of energy stored in the battery of the BESS;
based on the amount of energy stored in the battery of the EV and the amount of energy stored in the battery of the BESS, determine an output rate of the V2L AC power and an output rate of the backup AC power, such that the amount of energy stored in the battery of the EV and the amount of energy stored in the battery of the BESS are discharged in an equal amount of time, respectively; and
based on the determined output rate of the V2L AC power and the determined output rate of the backup AC power, supply the V2L AC power and the backup AC power to the household electricity grid; and
in response to a recovery of the electricity grid, turn off the AC-to-AC power converter to stop outputting the V2L AC power.
11. The energy coupling system according to claim 10 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
monitor whether the outage of the electricity grid occurs;
in response to the outage of the electricity grid, disconnect the household electricity grid from the electricity grid; and
in response to the recovery of the electricity grid, re-connect the household electricity grid to the electricity grid, and turn off the AC-to-AC power converter to stop supplying the V2L AC power to the household electricity grid.
12. The energy coupling system according to claim 11 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
in response to the recovery of the electricity grid, control the BESS to stop supplying the backup AC power to the household electricity grid.
13. The energy coupling system according to claim 10 , wherein:
the household electricity grid further includes a solar power generator that is configured to supply a solar generated AC power to the household electricity grid.
14. The energy coupling system according to claim 13 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
in response to the recovery of the electricity grid, re-connect the household electricity grid to the electricity grid, turn off the AC-to-AC power converter to stop supplying the V2L AC power to the household electricity grid, and control the BESS to receive power from the household electricity grid to charge batteries of the BESS.
15. The energy coupling system according to claim 13 , wherein:
the EMS communicates with the AC-to-AC power converter, the BESS, and the solar power generator through at least one of an Ethernet connection, a controller area network (CAN) bus, an RS-485 serial control bus, a Wi-Fi connection, or a Bluetooth connection; and
the EMS communicates with a smart phone application through at least one of the Ethernet connection, the Wi-Fi connection, or a mobile network connection, the smart phone application allowing a user to manage the household electricity grid.
16. The energy coupling system according to claim 15 , wherein:
the AC-to-AC power converter includes an input terminal for receiving the AC output from the EV, an output terminal for connecting to the household electricity grid, a power converter circuit for converting the AC output from the EV into the V2L AC power that is synchronized to the household electricity grid, and a communication interface for communicating with at least one of the EMS or the smart phone application.
17. The energy coupling system according to claim 16 , wherein:
at least one of the EMS or the smart phone application controls the AC-to-AC power converter to perform one or more operations including:
turning on the AC-to-AC power converter;
turning off the AC-to-AC power converter;
controlling an output power;
retrieving the output power;
retrieving an amplitude and a frequency of the AC output from the electric vehicle;
retrieving an amplitude and a frequency of the V2L AC power;
retrieving a current value of the AC output from the electric vehicle;
retrieving a current value of the V2L AC power; and
retrieving alarms of the AC-to-AC power converter.
18. The energy coupling system according to claim 10 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
turn on the AC-to-AC power converter to supply the V2L AC power to the electricity grid through the household electricity grid.