Wicking structure of 3D-knitted spacer fabric
The invention provides 3D-knitted spacer fabrics of high breathability and moisture management and methods of making the 3D-knitted spacer fabrics. The middle layer of the fabric is made of hydrophilic material, comprising two yarns, a blended thermo-fuse wicking yarn comprising hydrophilic fiber and thermo-fuse fiber, and a non-supportive hydrophilic functional wicking yarn. The top layer of the fabric comprises a hydrophilic yarn, and the third layer of the fabric comprises a hydrophobic yarn. The 3D-knitted spacer fabrics are useful in clothing and equipment for wear in high temperature environments.
1. A three-dimensional (3D)-knitted spacer fabric, the 3D-knitted spacer fabric comprising a top layer, a bottom layer, and an intermediate layer, wherein the top layer and the bottom layer are joined together by cross-yarns constituting the intermediate layer,
wherein the intermediate layer comprises a first yarn and a second yarn, wherein the first yarn is a first hydrophilic yarn and the second yarn is a blended heat-fusible yarn, comprising a hydrophilic fiber and a heat-fusible fiber.
2. The 3D-knitted spacer fabric of claim 1 , wherein the top layer comprises a second hydrophilic yarn.
3. The 3D-knitted spacer fabric of claim 1 , wherein the bottom layer comprises a hydrophobic yarn.
4. The 3D-knitted spacer fabric of claim 1 , wherein the 3D-knitted spacer fabric is a warp-knitted 3D-knitted spacer fabric or a weft-knitted 3D-knitted spacer fabric.
5. The 3D-knitted spacer fabric of claim 1 , wherein the blended heat-fusible yarn is fused by heat treatment to impart a 3D shape to the 3D-knitted spacer fabric.
6. The 3D-knitted spacer fabric of claim 1 , wherein the blended heat-fusible yarn comprises a core layer of hydrophilic polyester and a shell layer of thermo-fuse polyester.
7. The 3D-knitted spacer fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein the second hydrophilic yarn is polyester; the first hydrophilic yarn is polyester, the blended heat-fusible yarn comprises a core layer of hydrophilic polyester and a shell layer of thermo-fuse polyester, and the hydrophobic yarn is PET monofilament.
8. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional (3D)-knitted spacer fabric, the 3D-knitted spacer fabric being manufactured on a double-bed knitting machine, wherein the method comprises simultaneously knitting a top layer, a bottom layer and an intermediate layer for providing a connection between the top layer and the bottom layer, the intermediate layer comprising cross-yarn configured for providing a resilient connection between the top layer and the bottom layer, wherein the intermediate layer is knitted from a first yarn and a second yarn, wherein the first yarn is a first hydrophilic yarn and the second yarn is a blended heat-fusible yarn, comprising a hydrophilic fiber and a heat-fusible fiber.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the top layer is knitted from a second hydrophilic yarn.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the bottom layer is knitted from a hydrophobic yarn.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the 3D-knitted spacer fabric is a warp knitted 3D-knitted spacer fabric or a weft-knitted 3D-knitted spacer fabric.
12. The method of claim 8 , further comprising heating the 3D-knitted spacer fabric, setting the heated 3D-knitted spacer fabric to a 3D shape, and cooling the set 3D-knitted spacer fabric to impart the 3D shape to the 3D-knitted spacer fabric.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the heat fusible fiber in the blended heat-fusible yarn is low-melting-point viscose, nylon, or polyester.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the blended heat-fusible yarn comprises a core layer of hydrophilic polyester and a shell layer of thermo-fuse polyester.
15. The method of claim 8 ,
wherein the second hydrophilic yarn is polyester; the first hydrophilic yarn is polyester, the blended heat-fusible yarn comprises a core layer of hydrophilic polyester and a shell layer of thermo-fuse polyester, and the hydrophobic yarn is PET monofilament.
16. An article of manufacture comprising the 3D-knitted spacer fabric of claim 1 .
17. The article of manufacture of claim 16 , wherein the article of manufacture is a safety harness.
18. The article of manufacture of claim 17 , wherein the safety harness comprises a padding.
19. The article of manufacture of claim 18 , wherein the padding comprises the 3D-knitted spacer fabric.
20. A method for absorbing sweat using the 3D-knitted spacer fabric of claim 1 .