Identifying faults in a trans-inductor voltage regulator
View Patent ↗Faults in the secondary-loop of a trans-inductor voltage regulator (TLVR) are detected. Each power stage of the TLVR is connected to a primary winding of a respective transformer in the TLVR. The secondary windings of the transformers and a compensation inductor form a secondary-loop. A phase controller in the TLVR operates to both drive a first power stage to an ON state and to place a second power stage in an OFF state in a first duration. In the first duration, if the first power stage draws a current less than a maximum threshold and if a voltage at the switching node of the second power stage is negative, the phase controller determines that no faults exist in the series secondary circuit. Otherwise, the phase controller determines that one or more faults exist in the series secondary circuit.
1 . A trans-inductor voltage regulator (TLVR) to generate a regulated supply voltage on a supply node from an input voltage at an input node, said TLVR comprising:
a phase controller to generate a plurality of control signals;
a compensation inductor;
a plurality of transformers; and
a plurality of power stages, each power stage having a switching (SW) node and operable to couple said input node via said switching node to said supply node in a corresponding time duration when a respective control signal of said plurality of control signals is in a first state and decouple said input node from said supply node when said respective control signal is in a second state or a high-impedance (Hi-Z) state,
wherein each of said plurality of power stages is coupled to one end of a primary winding of a respective transformer of said plurality of transformers, with the other end of the primary winding being coupled to said supply node,
wherein the secondary windings of said plurality of transformers and said compensation inductor form a secondary-loop between a pair of constant reference potential terminals,
wherein, in a normal mode of operation:
said phase controller operates to drive each of said plurality of control signals to said first state at corresponding time durations to provide said regulated supply voltage on said supply node,
wherein, in a fault-detection mode of operation:
said phase controller operates to drive a first power stage to an ON state and to place a second power stage in an OFF state in a first duration,
wherein, if in said first duration, said first power stage supplies a current less than a maximum threshold, and if a voltage at said switching node of said second power stage is negative, said phase controller determines that no faults exist in said secondary-loop, and wherein said phase controller determines that one or more faults exist in said secondary-loop otherwise.
2 . The TLVR of claim 1 , wherein said phase controller operates to place said first power stage to an OFF state and to drive said second power stage to an ON state in a second duration following said first duration,
wherein, if in said second duration, said second power stage supplies a current less than said maximum threshold, and if a voltage at said switching node of said first power stage is negative, said phase controller determines that no faults exist in said secondary-loop, and wherein said phase controller determines that one or more faults exist in said secondary-loop otherwise.
3 . The TLVR of claim 2 , wherein said one or more faults comprise a short across the secondary winding of said respective transformer of said first power stage, a short across the secondary winding of said respective transformer of said second power stage, and a short across said compensation inductor.
4 . The TLVR of claim 2 , wherein each power stage of said plurality of power stages comprises:
a high-side switch and a low-side switch coupled at said SW node, and together operable to provide said regulated supply voltage; and
a driver block operable to:
drive a control terminal of said high-side switch by a high-side drive signal, said high-side drive signal derived from said control signal to cause said high-side switch to be ON or OFF;
drive a control terminal of said low-side switch by a low-side drive signal, said low-side drive signal derived from said control signal to cause said low-side switch to be ON or OFF,
wherein:
when said control signal is in said first state, said high-side drive signal is a logic HIGH and said low-side drive signal is a logic LOW, said high-side switch is ON and said low-side switch is OFF,
when said control signal is in said second state, said high-side drive signal is a logic LOW and said low-side drive signal is a logic HIGH, said high-side switch is OFF and said low-side switch is ON,
when said control signal is in said Hi-Z state, both of said high-side drive signal and said low-side drive signal are logic LOW and said high-side switch and said low-side switch are OFF.
5 . The TLVR of claim 2 , wherein said fault-detection mode of operation is enabled upon power-up or RESET of said TLVR.
6 . The TLVR of claim 2 , wherein, upon determining that a fault exists in said secondary-loop, said phase controller 210 maintains the corresponding power stages in an unused state while generating said output voltage in said normal mode.
7 . The TLVR of claim 2 , wherein each of said first stage and said second stage comprises:
an over-current detector to check whether a current exceeding a maximum threshold is drawn from the power stage;
a negative voltage detector to determine whether a voltage at said SW node of the power stage is negative.
8 . A power stage of a multi-phase trans-inductor voltage regulator (TLVR), said power stage comprising:
a high side switch and a low side switch connected in series at a switching (SW) node, said high-side switch and said low-side switch being connected in series between a power source and a constant reference potential;
a gate driver to drive said high-side switch and said low-side switch alternately on and off in a first duration, wherein said gate driver maintains both of said high-side switch and said low-side switch in an off state in a second duration;
an over-current detector to check whether a current exceeding a maximum threshold is drawn from said power source by said high-side switch in said first duration; and
a negative voltage detector to determine whether a voltage at said SW node is negative in said second duration,
wherein said TLVR comprises another power stage in which another high side switch and another low side switch are driven alternately on and off in said second duration.
9 . The power stage of claim 8 , wherein said TLVR further comprises a plurality of transformers, with each transformer being associated with a corresponding power stage and having a primary winding and a secondary winding, wherein the secondary windings are connected in series along with a compensation inductor to form a secondary-loop of said TLVR,
wherein either of said current exceeding said maximum threshold in said first duration or a non-negative voltage at said SW node in said second duration indicates a fault in the secondary-loop of said TLVR.
10 . The power stage of claim 9 , wherein said negative-voltage detector comprises:
a resistor;
an inverter;
a first current source coupled between a first constant reference potential and a first end of said resistor;
a first transistor, wherein a first current terminal of said first transistor is coupled to a second end of said resistor, wherein a second current terminal of said first transistor is coupled to a second constant reference potential, wherein a control terminal of said first transistor is coupled to the junction of said first current source and said first end of said resistor;
a second transistor, wherein a control terminal of said second transistor is coupled to said second end of said resistor, wherein a first current terminal of said second transistor is coupled to an input of an input of said inverter, wherein a second current terminal of said second transistor is coupled to said SW node; and
a second current source coupled between said first constant reference potential and said input of said inverter,
wherein a logic HIGH at an output of said inverter indicates that said voltage at said switching node is negative, and a logic LOW at said output of said inverter indicates otherwise.