Method to determine API gravity of sulfur-rich marine oils using aromatic compound chemistry
A method of determining an API gravity of a crude oil includes obtaining a reservoir sample containing the crude oil, separating an aromatic fraction from the reservoir sample, analyzing the aromatic fraction using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument, determining peak areas and a ratio of 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 1-methyldibenzothiophene, and determining the API gravity of the crude oil in the reservoir sample using an empirical correlation between API gravity and the ratio of 4-methyldibenzothiophene to 1-methyldibenzothiophene. A method of determining productivity of a region of a reservoir includes determining an API gravity of a crude oil in the sample from the region of the reservoir using an empirical correlation between API gravity and the ratio of 4-methyldibenzothiophene to 1-methyldibenzothiophene, and based on the API gravity of the sample, determining the productivity of the region of the reservoir.
1 . A method of determining an API gravity of a crude oil, the method comprising:
obtaining a reservoir sample containing the crude oil;
separating an aromatic fraction from the reservoir sample;
analyzing the aromatic fraction using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument;
determining peak areas of 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 1-methyldibenzothiophene;
determining a ratio of 4-methyldibenzothiophene to 1-methyldibenzothiophene based on the peak areas of 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 1-methyldibenzothiophene; and
determining the API gravity of the crude oil in the reservoir sample using an empirical correlation between API gravity and the ratio of 4-methyldibenzothiophene to 1-methyldibenzothiophene.
2 . The method of claim 1 further comprising, prior to obtaining the reservoir sample, calculating a calibration curve as the empirical correlation between the API gravity and the ratio of 4-methyldibenzothiophene to 1-methyldibenzothiophene.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the calculating a calibration curve comprises:
testing at least ten reference samples to determine API Gravity values for each of the at least ten reference samples;
separating an aromatic fraction from each of the at least ten reference samples;
analyzing the aromatic fraction from each reference sample using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument;
determining peak areas of 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 1-methyldibenzothiophene;
determining a ratio of 4-methyldibenzothiophene to 1-methyldibenzothiophene in each of the at least ten reference samples based on the peak areas of 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 1-methyldibenzothiophene; and
calculating a logarithmic regression from the API gravity values and the ratio of 4-methyldibenzothiophene to 1-methyldibenzothiophene of the at least ten reference samples.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the testing the at least ten reference samples to determine API Gravity values for each reference sample comprises obtaining density measurements and calculating an absolute API Gravity value according to ATSM D287.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating the aromatic fraction from the reservoir sample comprises:
removing a saturate fraction of the reservoir sample via chromatography to retain asphaltenes, resins, and aromatics;
eluting the aromatic fraction; and
recovering the aromatic fraction.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the empirical correlation between API gravity and the ratio of 4-methyldibenzothiophene to 1-methyldibenzothiophene is logarithmic.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the crude oil is obtained from a reservoir selected from the group consisting of sandstone, limestone, shale and carbonate.
8 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the separating the aromatic fraction from the reservoir sample comprises:
removing a saturate fraction of the reservoir sample via chromatography to retain asphaltenes, resins, and aromatics;
eluting the aromatic fraction; and
recovering the aromatic fraction.
9 . A method of determining productivity of a region of a reservoir, the method comprising:
obtaining a sample from the region of the reservoir;
separating an aromatic fraction from the sample;
analyzing the aromatic fraction using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument;
determining peak areas of 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 1-methyldibenzothiophene;
determining a ratio of 4-methyldibenzothiophene to 1-methyldibenzothiophene based on the peak areas of 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 1-methyldibenzothiophene;
determining an API gravity of a crude oil in the sample from the region of the reservoir using an empirical correlation between API gravity and the ratio of 4-methyldibenzothiophene to 1-methyldibenzothiophene; and
based on the API gravity of the sample, determining the productivity of the region of the reservoir.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein separating an aromatic fraction from the sample comprises removing a saturate fraction of the sample via chromatography to retain asphaltenes, resins, and aromatics; eluting the aromatic fraction; and recovering the aromatic fraction.
11 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the empirical correlation between API gravity and the ratio of 4-methyldibenzothiophene to 1-methyldibenzothiophene ratios is logarithmic.
12 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the sample is obtained from a reservoir selected from the group consisting of sandstone, limestone, shale and carbonate.