WEB COATING COOLING DRUM WITH TURBULATORS FOR HIGH FLUX METALLIC LITHIUM DEPOSITION
The present disclosure relates to vapor deposition systems and methods. In one embodiment, a drum for vapor deposition is provided. The drum includes a shell having gas slits and a cooling drum. The cooling drum includes an exterior region, an interior region, a first fluid channel partially defined by the exterior region and the interior region, and a first inlet. The first fluid channel forms a helical channel around a central axis of the cooling drum. The first inlet is in fluid communication with a first outlet by the first fluid channel.
1 . A drum for vapor deposition, the drum comprising:
a shell having gas slits; and
a cooling drum comprising:
an exterior region;
an interior region;
a first fluid channel partially defined by the exterior region and the interior region, the first fluid channel forming a helical channel around a central axis of the cooling drum; and
a first inlet in fluid communication with a first outlet by the first fluid channel.
2 . The drum of claim 1 , wherein the cooling drum is a monolithic drum made of copper or aluminum alloy.
3 . The drum of claim 1 , wherein the first fluid channel comprises a turbulating surface feature.
4 . The drum of claim 1 , wherein the cooling drum further has a second fluid channel radially offset from the first cooling channel and partially defined by the exterior region and the interior region, the second fluid channel forming a helical channel around the central axis of the cooling drum.
5 . The drum of claim 4 , wherein the second fluid channel connects a second fluid inlet to a second fluid outlet.
6 . The drum of claim 4 , wherein the first inlet and a second inlet are disposed within a first face of the cooling drum.
7 . The drum of claim 4 , wherein the first inlet and second outlet are disposed within a first face of the cooling drum and a second inlet and first outlet are disposed within a second face of the cooling drum.
8 . The drum of claim 1 , wherein a distance between the shell and a curved surface of the exterior region of the cooling drum is between about 1 millimeter and about 5 millimeters.
9 . The drum of claim 1 , wherein the first inlet is disposed proximate a first face of the cooling drum and the first outlet is disposed proximate a second face of the cooling drum, the second face separated by a curved face of the cooling drum.
10 . The drum of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the exterior region is less than 10 millimeters.
11 . A roll-to-roll deposition system comprising:
an evaporation unit;
a plurality of tension rollers; and
a drum, disposed between the plurality of tension rollers and the evaporator unit, the drum comprising:
a shell having gas slits; and
a cooling drum comprising:
an exterior region;
an interior region;
a first fluid channel partially defined by the exterior region and the interior region, the first fluid channel forming a helical channel around a central axis of the cooling drum; and
a first inlet in fluid communication with a first outlet by the first fluid channel.
12 . The roll-to-roll deposition system of claim 11 , wherein the cooling drum is monolithic and made of copper or aluminum alloy.
13 . The roll-to-roll deposition system of claim 11 , wherein the cooling drum further has a second fluid channel radially offset from the first cooling channel and partially defined by the exterior region and the interior region, the second fluid channel forming a helical channel around the central axis of the cooling drum.
14 . The roll-to-roll deposition system of claim 13 , wherein the first inlet and second inlet are disposed on a first side of the cooling drum.
15 . The roll-to-roll deposition system of claim 13 , wherein the first inlet is disposed on a first side of the cooling drum and a second inlet is disposed on a second side of the cooling drum.
16 . roll-to-roll deposition system of claim 11 , wherein the first fluid channel comprises a turbulating surface feature.
17 . A method of applying an anode material to a substrate comprising:
supplying a coolant to a drum, the drum comprising:
a shell; and
a cooling drum disposed radially inward of the shell and having a first fluid channel, the first fluid channel partially defined by an exterior region of the cooling drum and an interior region of the cooling drum, the first fluid channel forming a helical channel around a central axis of the cooling drum, the first fluid channel having a turbulating surface feature;
flowing coolant through the first fluid channel;
flowing a gas through a cavity between the shell and the cooling drum;
rolling a substrate onto the shell; and
evaporating as anode material onto the substrate.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the coolant is flowed at a velocity of less than 1 meter per second.
19 . The method of claim 17 , wherein a gas cushion is formed between the substrate and the shell by the gas leaving the shell through a plurality of gas slits, the gas cushion being less than 15 micrometers.
20 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the flow of the coolant has a Reynolds number between about 2300 and about 4000.