COMPOSITE LAMINATE HEATING TOOL AND METHOD FOR FORMING SAME
A composite laminate heating tool broadly comprising a substructure, a facesheet, and number of expansion joints. The substructure supports the facesheet but does not need to have the same or a similar CTE as the facesheet because the facesheet is free to expand relative to the substructure. The expansion joints provide an interface between the facesheet and the substructure so that the facesheet can thermally expand relative to the substructure while being fully supported by the substructure. Each expansion joint includes a guide attached to the substructure and a support member translatable relative to the guide and aligned radially from a centroid or center of expansion of the facesheet so as to have a single degree of freedom.
1 . A tool for heating composite laminates, the tool comprising:
a substructure;
a facesheet supported on the substructure; and
a plurality of expansion joints spaced apart from each other, each of the plurality of expansion joints including:
a guide attached to one of the substructure and the facesheet; and
a support member translatable relative to the guide and aligned radially from a centroid of expansion so as to have a single degree of freedom such that the facesheet is fully supported by the substructure via the support members of the plurality of expansion joints and can freely expand relative to the centroid of expansion.
2 . The tool of claim 1 , further comprising a heating component having at least one of induction coils, discrete heating components, burners, electrically resistive coating, and conductors.
3 . The tool of claim 2 , wherein the substructure includes an expansion gap and wherein the heating component is positioned in the expansion gap such that the heating component evenly heats the facesheet.
4 . The tool of claim 2 , wherein the heating component includes Litz wire induction coils.
5 . The tool of claim 1 , wherein the substructure defines a plurality of material voids for reducing a heating energy input requirement of the tool.
6 . The tool of claim 1 , wherein the substructure has a different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) from a CTE of the facesheet.
7 . The tool of claim 1 , wherein the support members are attached to the facesheet via at least one of brazing, soldering, and welding.
8 . The tool of claim 1 , wherein the guides are carriages and the support members are rails entrained in the carriages.
9 . The tool of claim 1 , wherein the centroid of expansion is determined via finite element analysis.
10 . The tool of claim 1 , wherein the facesheet is formed of an isotropic material such that the geometric centroid of the facesheet represents the centroid of expansion.
11 . The tool of claim 1 , wherein the facesheet is formed of an anisotropic material.
12 . The tool of claim 1 , wherein the guide includes a spherical bearing thus allowing slight angular variations of the support member.
13 . The tool of claim 1 , wherein the guide includes a through-hole formed via a 5-axis computer-numerical-control (CNC) machine.
14 . The tool of claim 1 , wherein the guide includes a through-hole aligned with the centroid of expansion via lasers.
15 . The tool of claim 1 , wherein the guide includes a through-hole formed in the guide before the guide is attached to the substructure.
16 . The tool of claim 1 , further comprising an unheated flange having strain relief corrugations attached to the facesheet.
17 . A tool for heating composite laminates, the tool comprising:
a substructure;
a facesheet supported on the substructure; and
a plurality of expansion joints spaced apart from each other, each of the plurality of expansion joints including:
a guide attached to one of the substructure and the facesheet; and
a support member translatable relative to the guide and aligned radially from a center of expansion so as to have a single degree of freedom such that the facesheet is fully supported by the substructure via the support members of the plurality of expansion joints and can freely expand relative to the center of expansion,
wherein the facesheet is attached to the substructure at a fixed point so that the center of expansion coincides with the fixed point.
18 . The tool of claim 11 , wherein the fixed point is near a midpoint of the facesheet.
19 . The tool of claim 12 wherein the facesheet is U-shaped.
20 . A method of forming a tool for heating composite laminates, the method comprising steps of:
determining a centroid of expansion of the tool;
forming a facesheet having a first surface for laying up the composite laminates thereon and a second surface opposite the first surface;
fabricating a substructure;
attaching guides to the substructure;
forming through-holes in the guides so that the through-holes are radially aligned with the centroid of expansion;
inserting support members into the through-holes;
bonding the support members to the second surface of the facesheet to form an expansion gap between the facesheet and the substructure;
subjecting the facesheet and the substructure to normalization heat treatment; and
installing a heating component in the expansion gap,
wherein the support members are translatable relative to the guide and radially aligned with the centroid of expansion so as to have a single degree of freedom such that the facesheet is fully supported by the substructure via the support members of the plurality of expansion joints and can freely expand relative to the centroid of expansion.