Dry process formation of solid state lithium ion cell
Provided are electrodes that include an electrode dry mixture and a dry electrolyte material intermixed with the electrode dry mixture; and a binder intermixed with the electrode dry mixture and the dry electrolyte material, said binder comprising fibrils; the electrode dry mixture, dry electrolyte material, and said binder in the form of a dry electrode film. The electrolyte material may include a glass ceramic and, optionally, an air-stabilizing dopant. The glass ceramic may include Li 3 PS 4 . The electrodes may include a composite cathode of the dry electrode film and optionally further include a solid-state electrolyte layer. Also provided are methods for forming the electrodes, optionally where the methods may be applicable for a solvent-free process to form electrodes and electrochemical cells and batteries including the electrodes.
1. An electrode comprising an electrode dry mixture and a dry electrolyte material intermixed with the electrode dry mixture; and a binder intermixed with said electrode dry mixture and said dry electrolyte material, said binder comprising fibrils; the electrode dry mixture, dry electrolyte material, and said binder in the form of a dry electrode film,
wherein the electrode dry mixture comprises an active material selected from the group consisting of nickel manganese cobalt, lithium manganese spinel, lithium nickel manganese spinel, lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron manganese phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, graphite, and combinations thereof.
2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein active material selected from the group consisting of nickel manganese cobalt, lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron manganese phosphate, graphite, and combinations thereof.
3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the dry electrolyte material comprises a glass ceramic.
4. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the dry electrolyte material comprises a lithium phosphorus sulfide glass ceramic.
5. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the dry electrolyte material comprises Li 3 PS 4 glass ceramic.
6. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein said dry electrolyte material further comprises from 0.1% to 15% by weight air-stabilizing dopant, based on a total weight of the dry electrolyte material.
7. The electrode of claim 6 , wherein the air-stabilizing dopant is selected from the group consisting of ZnO, CaO, ZrS 2 , and combinations thereof.
8. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein:
the active material comprises nickel manganese cobalt;
the dry electrolyte material comprises Li 3 PS 4 glass ceramic; and
the binder comprises a fibrillizable polymer binder selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, copolymers, and blends thereof.
9. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electrode further comprises a stand-alone solid-state electrolyte film laminated against a surface of the dry electrode film;
wherein the stand-alone solid state electrolyte film comprises the dry electrolyte material.
10. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein said binder is present at 10 percent by weight or less of a total of said electrode dry mixture, said dry electrolyte material, and said binder combined.
11. An electrochemical cell comprising the electrode of claim 1 .
12. The electrochemical cell of claim 11 , wherein the dry electrolyte material comprises a lithium phosphorus sulfide glass ceramic.
13. The electrochemical cell of claim 11 further comprising an anode layer, wherein the anode layer comprises a Li foil protected on at least one surface with an anode protective layer.
14. The electrochemical cell of claim 13 , wherein the anode protective layer comprises LiPON.
15. A method for preparing the electrode of claim 1 , the method comprising:
compressing the electrode dry mixture, the dry electrolyte material, and the binder to form the dry electrode film.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
compressing a second electrolyte dry mixture against a surface of the dry electrode film to form an electrolyte layer on the surface of the dry electrode film, the second electrolyte dry mixture comprising the dry electrolyte material.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the second electrolyte dry mixture further comprises an electrolyte binder chosen from fibrillizable polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride, ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene, polyethylene, and copolymers or blends thereof.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the active material comprises nickel manganese cobalt;
the electrolyte material comprises Li 3 PS 4 glass ceramic;
the electrode dry mixture further comprises an electrode binder; and
the electrode binder comprises a fibrillizable polymer binder chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene, and poly(vinylidene fluoride), ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene, polyethylene, and copolymers or blends thereof.
19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
compressing an electrolyte dry mixture to form a stand-alone solid-state electrolyte film, the electrolyte dry mixture comprising the dry electrolyte material.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
compressing the stand-alone solid-state electrolyte film against a surface of the dry electrode film to form a laminate of the dry electrode film and the solid-state electrolyte film.