Smart card for performing biometric authentication and method of operating the same
A smart card includes a frequency measurement circuit configured to measure a first clock frequency of an external clock signal, a sensor clock output circuit configured to select a first range from a plurality of first clock ranges based on the first clock frequency and to output a sensor clock signal having a second clock frequency corresponding to the first range, and a sensor circuit configured to output sensing data for biometric authentication based on the sensor clock signal and first compensation image data.
1 . A smart card comprising:
a frequency measurement circuit configured to measure a first clock frequency of an external clock signal;
a sensor clock output circuit configured to select a first range from a plurality of first clock ranges based on the first clock frequency and to output a sensor clock signal having a second clock frequency corresponding to the first range; and
a sensor circuit configured to output sensing data for biometric authentication based on the sensor clock signal and first compensation image data,
wherein the sensor clock output circuit is configured to:
determine a first reference frequency corresponding to the first range; and
determine a value for the second clock frequency by multiplying the first reference frequency by a negative power of 2 or a positive power of 2.
2 . The smart card of claim 1 , wherein the sensor clock output circuit is configured to:
determine an upper limit of the first range, a lower limit of the first range, or a median value between the upper limit and the lower limit as the first reference frequency.
3 . The smart card of claim 1 , wherein the sensor clock output circuit is configured to:
determine the value for the second clock frequency based on the first reference frequency and a sensor clock range indicating an allowable frequency range for the sensor clock signal.
4 . The smart card of claim 3 , wherein the sensor clock output circuit is configured to:
determine the value for the second clock frequency by multiplying the first reference frequency by the positive power of 2 when a first value obtained by multiplying the first reference frequency by the negative power of 2 is smaller than a lower limit of the sensor clock range; and
determine the value for the second clock frequency by multiplying the first reference frequency by the negative power of 2 when a second value obtained by multiplying the first reference frequency by the positive power of 2 is greater than an upper limit of the sensor clock range.
5 . The smart card of claim 4 , wherein the sensor clock output circuit is configured to:
determine the value for the second clock frequency by multiplying the first reference frequency by the negative power of 2 when the first value is greater than the lower limit of the sensor clock range and when the first value is smaller than the upper limit of the sensor clock range.
6 . The smart card of claim 3 , wherein the sensor clock output circuit is configured to perform a first operation when a first value obtained by multiplying the first reference frequency by the negative power of 2 is greater than an upper limit of the sensor clock range and to perform a second operation when a second value obtained by multiplying the first reference frequency by the positive power of 2 is smaller than a lower limit of the sensor clock range,
wherein the first operation includes:
decreasing an exponent value of the negative power of 2; and
determining a third value for the second clock frequency by multiplying the first reference frequency by a power of 2 whose exponent value is decreased, and
wherein the second operation includes:
increasing an exponent value of the positive power of 2; and
determining a fourth value for the second clock frequency by multiplying the first reference frequency by a power of 2 whose exponent value is increased.
7 . The smart card of claim 6 , wherein the sensor clock output circuit is configured to decrease the exponent value of the negative power of 2 until the value obtained by multiplying the first reference frequency by the negative power of 2 is smaller than the upper limit of the sensor clock range when the first value is greater than the upper limit of the sensor clock range.
8 . The smart card of claim 1 , wherein the sensor clock output circuit further includes:
a reference frequency determiner configured to select a clock range including the first clock frequency from among the plurality of first clock ranges as the first range and to determine a first reference frequency based on the first range;
a sensor clock frequency determiner configured to determine the second clock frequency by comparing a value obtained by multiplying the first reference frequency by a power of 2 with a sensor clock range indicating an allowable frequency range for the sensor clock signal; and
a sensor clock generator configured to generate the sensor clock signal having the second clock frequency.
9 . The smart card of claim 8 , wherein the sensor clock frequency determiner includes:
an exponent value adjuster configured to change an exponent value of the power of 2, when the value obtained by multiplying the first reference frequency by the power of 2 is out of the sensor clock range.
10 . The smart card of claim 8 , wherein the sensor clock output circuit further includes:
a sensor clock table including correspondence relationships between the plurality of first clock ranges and candidate sensor clock frequencies included in the sensor clock range indicating the allowable frequency range for the sensor clock signal.
11 . The smart card of claim 1 , wherein the sensor circuit includes:
a compensation image determiner configured to select a second range from a plurality of second clock ranges based on the second clock frequency of the sensor clock signal and to determine the first compensation image data corresponding to the second range from among a plurality of compensation image data; and
an image data generator configured to generate final fingerprint image data as the sensing data based on raw fingerprint image data and the first compensation image data.
12 . The smart card of claim 11 , wherein the sensor circuit further includes:
a compensation image table including correspondence relationships between the plurality of second clock ranges and the plurality of compensation image data.
13 . The smart card of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of first clock ranges are determined based on an external clock range indicating an allowable frequency range for the external clock signal, and
wherein the plurality of second clock ranges are determined based on a sensor clock range indicating the allowable frequency range for the sensor clock signal.
14 . The smart card of claim 1 , wherein the frequency measurement circuit includes:
a first counter configured to output a first count value by counting the number of times of toggling of the external clock signal during a first time interval;
a second counter to output a second count value by counting the number of times of toggling of a system clock signal during the first time interval; and
a divider configured to output the first clock frequency based on the first count value and the second count value.
15 . A method of operating a smart card, the method comprising:
measuring a first clock frequency of an external clock signal;
selecting a first range from a plurality of first clock ranges based on the first clock frequency;
outputting a sensor clock signal having a second clock frequency corresponding to the first range; and
outputting sensing data for biometric authentication based on the sensor clock signal and first compensation image data,
wherein the outputting of the sensor clock signal includes:
determining a first reference frequency corresponding to the first range; and
determining a first operation value for the second clock frequency by multiplying the first reference frequency by one of a negative power of 2 and a positive power of 2 based on the first reference frequency and a sensor clock range indicating an allowable frequency range of the sensor clock signal.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the determining of the first operation value as the second clock frequency includes:
when a first value for the second clock frequency obtained by multiplying the first reference frequency by the negative power of 2 is smaller than a lower limit of the sensor clock range, determining a value for the second clock frequency by multiplying the first reference frequency by the positive power of 2.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the determining of the first operation value as the second clock frequency includes:
when a first value obtained by multiplying the first reference frequency by the negative power of 2 is greater than an upper limit of the sensor clock range, determining an updated negative power of 2 by decreasing an exponent value of the negative power of 2; and
after decreasing the exponent value of the negative power of 2, determining a third value for the second clock frequency by multiplying the first reference frequency by the updated negative power of 2.
18 . A smart card comprising:
a frequency measurement circuit configured to measure a first clock frequency which an external clock signal has;
a sensor clock output circuit configured to determine a first reference frequency corresponding to a first range being a clock range including the first clock frequency from among the plurality of first clock ranges, to determine a value for a second clock frequency by multiplying the first reference frequency by a power of 2 as, and to output a sensor clock signal having the second clock frequency; and
a sensor circuit configured to select a second range from a plurality of second clock ranges based on the second clock frequency, to determine first compensation image data corresponding to the second range from among a plurality of compensation image data, and to generate final fingerprint image data as sensing data based on raw fingerprint image data and the first compensation image data.