THE OXIDATION OF CARBON-HYDROGEN BONDS OF POLYMERS USING OZONE
The present disclosure is directed to novel methods of oxidizing polymers, such as polystyrene, using ozone, and deconstructing such polymers using ozone, to provide oligomeric product compounds, compounds made according to said methods, homopolymers and heteropolymers derived from said compounds, and compositions comprising said homopolymers and heteropolymers.
1 . A method of oxidizing the tertiary carbon (e.g., one or more tertiary carbons) of a polymer (e.g., a hydrocarbon polymer, such as polystyrene) using ozone, or of preparing at least one carbonyl compound (e.g., a ketone) or carboxylic acid from a polymer (e.g., a hydrocarbon polymer, such as polystyrene) using ozone, or of oxidatively decomposing a polymer to carbonyl and carboxylic acid degradation products, using ozone, or of making polymer-derived oligomers having terminal ketone and/or terminal carboxylic acid groups using ozone, the method comprising the steps of (1) exposing the polymer to ozone, optionally in an aqueous and/or non-aqueous solvent, and (2) isolating or purifying the resulting product or products.
2 . A The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method is a method of preparing at least one carbonyl compound (e.g., a ketone) or carboxylic acid from a polymer (e.g., a hydrocarbon polymer, such as polystyrene), comprising the steps of (1) exposing the polymer to ozone, optionally in an aqueous and/or non-aqueous solvent, and (2) isolating or purifying the resulting carbonyl and/or carboxylic acid product or products.
3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method is a method of oxidatively decomposing a polymer (e.g., a hydrocarbon polymer, such as polystyrene) to carbonyl and carboxylic acid degradation products, comprising the steps of (1) exposing a polymer (e.g., a hydrocarbon polymer, such as polystyrene) to ozone, optionally in an aqueous and/or non-aqueous solvent, and optionally (2) isolating or purifying the resulting product or products.
4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a synthetic polymer, e.g., a hydrocarbon polymer, optionally a saturated hydrocarbon, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, or a polyamide (i.e., not a peptide polymer).
5 . The method according to claim 4 , wherein the polymer is a polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, aliphatic polyamide (e.g., nylon, such as nylon-6,6), or a polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride.
6 . The method according to claim 5 , wherein the polymer is polystyrene.
7 . The method according to claim 6 , wherein the product or products of the reaction are selected from the following formulas:
wherein n has a value from 0 to 100,000, e.g., 0 to 10,000, or 0 to 5,000, or 0 to 2,000, or 0 to 1,000, or 0 to 500, or 0 to 250, or 0 to 150, or 0 to 100, or 0 to 50, or 0 to 40, or 0 to 30, or 0 to 20, or 0 to 10, or 0 to 5, or any combination thereof.
8 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method is a method of making polymer-derived oligomers having terminal ketone and/or terminal carboxylic acid groups, the method comprising the steps of (1) exposing a polymer (e.g., a hydrocarbon polymer, such as polystyrene) to ozone, optionally in an aqueous and/or non-aqueous solvent, and (2) isolating and/or purifying the resulting product or products.
9 . The method according to claim 8 , wherein the polymer is polystyrene, and the polystyrene-derived oligomers have a structure selected from:
wherein n has a value from 0 to 100,000, e.g., 0 to 10,000, or 0 to 5,000, or 0 to 2,000, or 0 to 1,000, or 0 to 500, or 0 to 250, or 0 to 150, or 0 to 100, or 0 to 50, or 0 to 40, or 0 to 30, or 0 to 20, or 0 to 10, or 0 to 5, or any combination thereof.
10 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step (1) of exposing the polymer (e.g., polystyrene) to ozone comprises exposing the polymer to an ozone/oxygen mixture or ozone/nitrogen mixture or ozone/air mixture.
11 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (1) is carried out in the absence of any other added oxidants or oxidizing agents.
12 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (1) does not comprise the presence or addition of any catalyst (e.g., any metal, activated charcoal, or silica gel).
13 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (1) occurs in the dark (e.g., the reaction occurs without exposure to light, e.g., UV light).
14 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method is a continuous flow method, e.g., wherein the method is performed in a flow reactor.
15 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the method is performed in one or more of a falling film reactor, a batch reactor, a continuous stirred-tank reactor, and/or loop reactor, either individually or in series.
16 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the method is performed in one or more falling film reactors, e.g., multi-tube falling film reactors, optionally in series and optionally with recirculation.
17 . (canceled)
18 . A compound according to one or more of the following formulas:
wherein n has a value from 0 to 100,000, e.g., 0 to 10,000, or 0 to 5,000, or 0 to 2,000, or 0 to 1,000, or 0 to 500, or 0 to 250, or 0 to 150, or 0 to 100, or 0 to 50, or 0 to 40, or 0 to 30, or 0 to 20, or 0 to 10, or 0 to 5, or any combination thereof.
19 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer is polystyrene, and wherein the method further comprises the step of reacting the product or products of the reaction with suitable reagents to form one or more of homopolymeric polyester polymers, heteropolymeric polyester polymers, heteropolymeric polyester-polyamide mixed copolymers, heteropolymeric polyamide polymers, heteropolymeric polyimine polymers or mixed polyester-polyimine copolymers, polyamide-polyimine copolymers, polyurethanes, or other heteropolymers.
20 . A homopolymer or heteropolymer made according to the method of claim 19 .
21 . (canceled)
22 . Dispersants, foam containers, packing peanuts, structural packing, biological containers for cell and tissue growth, food wrappers, 3-D printing, coatings, paints, lubricants, molded plastics, synthetic fibers, and personal care products such as hair products and cosmetics, comprising a homopolymer or heteropolymer made according to the method of claim 19 .