Vehicle electrical system with high-voltage zone and a plurality of low-voltage zones that extend therefrom and are connected via a safety device

1. A vehicle electrical system comprising:

a high-voltage zone,

a first low-voltage zone extending out of the high-voltage zone, and

a second low-voltage zone and a safety device, which connects the first low-voltage zone to the second low-voltage zone,

wherein the safety device has a galvanic isolation component or a voltage limiting element,

wherein the safety device has a fault signal output and the safety device is configured to output a high-voltage fault at the fault signal output, and to send said signal to a higher-level vehicle control unit, if the result of a voltage measuring/monitoring device of the safety device in at least one of the low-voltage zones is that a voltage limit is exceeded.

2. The vehicle electrical system as claimed in claim 1 , which further comprises at least one low-voltage unit connected to the second low-voltage zone and connected via the second low-voltage zone, the safety device and the first low-voltage zone to low-voltage components in the high-voltage zone for signal transmission and/or voltage supply.

3. The vehicle electrical system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first low-voltage zone has cables which connect the low-voltage components that are located in the high-voltage zone to the safety device, and the second low-voltage zone has cables which are connected to the safety device.

4. The vehicle electrical system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second low-voltage zone connects the safety device to at least one low-voltage unit, and

wherein a sensor detection unit for low-voltage components, an activation unit for low-voltage components, a cable-bound communication device which communicates with low-voltage components, or a monitoring unit for low-voltage components are arranged in the high-voltage zone.

5. A vehicle electrical system comprising:

a high-voltage zone,

a first low-voltage zone extending out of the high-voltage zone, and

a second low-voltage zone and a safety device, which connects the first low-voltage zone to the second low-voltage zone,

wherein the safety device has a galvanic isolation component or a voltage limiting element, and

wherein the first low-voltage zone is provided in a first compartment, which is protected from external access by a continuous boundary, and wherein the second low-voltage zone is provided in a second compartment which is freely accessible from the outside, and the safety device is provided in a separate housing which is located between the first compartment and the second compartment or on an inner side of an outer wall of the boundary of the first compartment.

6. The vehicle electrical system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the safety device has a fault signal output and the safety device is configured to output a high-voltage fault at the fault signal output, and to send said signal to a higher-level vehicle control unit, if the result of a voltage measuring/monitoring device of the safety device in at least one of the low-voltage zones is that a voltage limit is exceeded.

7. The vehicle electrical system as claimed in claim 5 , which further comprises at least one low-voltage unit connected to the second low-voltage zone and connected via the second low-voltage zone, the safety device and the first low-voltage zone to low-voltage components in the high-voltage zone for signal transmission and/or voltage supply.

8. The vehicle electrical system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the first low-voltage zone has cables which connect the low-voltage components that are located in the high-voltage zone to the safety device, and the second low-voltage zone has cables which are connected to the safety device.

9. The vehicle electrical system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the second low-voltage zone connects the safety device to at least one low-voltage unit, and

wherein a sensor detection unit for low-voltage components, an activation unit for low-voltage components, a cable-bound communication device which communicates with low-voltage components, or a monitoring unit for low-voltage components are arranged in the high-voltage zone.

10. A vehicle electrical system comprising:

a high-voltage zone,

a first low-voltage zone extending out of the high-voltage zone, and

a second low-voltage zone and a safety device, which connects the first low-voltage zone to the second low-voltage zone,

wherein the safety device has a galvanic isolation component or a voltage limiting element, and

wherein the safety device comprises the voltage limiting element and the voltage limiting element comprises a varistor, a gas discharge tube, a spark gap, a protective diode, a thyristor circuit, a TVS thyristor, a DIAC, a Zener diode, a suppressor diode and/or a four-layer diode.

11. The vehicle electrical system as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the safety device has a fault signal output and the safety device is configured to output a high-voltage fault at the fault signal output, and to send said signal to a higher-level vehicle control unit, if the result of a voltage measuring/monitoring device of the safety device in at least one of the low-voltage zones is that a voltage limit is exceeded.

12. The vehicle electrical system as claimed in claim 10 , which further comprises at least one low-voltage unit connected to the second low-voltage zone and connected via the second low-voltage zone, the safety device and the first low-voltage zone to low-voltage components in the high-voltage zone for signal transmission and/or voltage supply.

13. The vehicle electrical system as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the first low-voltage zone has cables which connect the low-voltage components that are located in the high-voltage zone to the safety device, and the second low-voltage zone has cables which are connected to the safety device.

14. The vehicle electrical system as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the second low-voltage zone connects the safety device to at least one low-voltage unit, and

wherein a sensor detection unit for low-voltage components, an activation unit for low-voltage components, a cable-bound communication device which communicates with low-voltage components, or a monitoring unit for low-voltage components are arranged in the high-voltage zone.