IONIC COMPOUND AND APPLICATION THEREOF, PEROVSKITE PRECURSOR SOLUTION, PEROVSKITE MATERIAL, SOLAR CELL, AND ELECTRIC APPARATUS

1 . An ionic compound, characterized in that the ionic compound has a structure represented by any one of formulas (1) to (3):

wherein X 1 is independently selected at each occurrence from any one of H or linear alkane group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R 1 and N are bonded to each other to form an alicyclic heterocyclic ring unsubstituted or substituted by linear alkane, the alicyclic heterocyclic ring having 7 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and at least one X 1 in formula (1) is not H;

X 2 is selected from linear alkane group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and R 2 and N are bonded to each other to form an aromatic heterocyclic ring unsubstituted or substituted by linear alkane, the aromatic heterocyclic ring having 7 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom;

X 3 is independently selected at each occurrence from any one of H, aromatic ring group substituted by linear alkane and having 6 to 50 ring atoms, alicyclic alkyl group substituted by linear alkane and having 6 to 50 ring atoms, linear alkane group substituted by aromatic ring and having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, or linear alkane group substituted by alicyclic alkyl and having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and at least one X 3 in formula (3) is not H; and

Y − is a fluorine-containing anion.

2 . The ionic compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that R 1 and N are bonded to each other to form an alicyclic heterocyclic ring unsubstituted or substituted by linear alkane, the alicyclic heterocyclic ring having 7 to 20 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and/or

R 2 and N are bonded to each other to form a dense aromatic heterocyclic ring unsubstituted or substituted by linear alkane, the dense aromatic heterocyclic ring having 8 to 20 ring atoms and containing only one N atom.

3 . The ionic compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that X 3 is independently selected at each occurrence from any one of H, aromatic ring group substituted by straight-chain alkane and having 6 to 20 ring atoms, alicyclic alkyl group substituted by straight-chain alkane and having 6 to 20 ring atoms, straight-chain alkane group substituted by aromatic ring and having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or straight-chain alkane group substituted by alicyclic alkyl and having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and at least one X 3 in formula (3) is not H.

4 . The ionic compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that a structure of formula (3) is shown as follows:

wherein X 3 is selected from any one of aromatic ring group substituted by straight-chain alkane and having 6 to 20 ring atoms or alicyclic alkyl group substituted by straight-chain alkane and having 6 to 20 ring atoms.

5 . The ionic compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that the ionic compound has a structure represented by formulas (B) to (E):

wherein X 4 is independently selected at each occurrence from CR 3 R 4 , and X 5 is independently selected at each occurrence from CR 5 ; and

R 3 to R 5 each are independently selected at each occurrence from any one of H or linear alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; at least one R 3 or at least one R 4 in formula (B) is selected from linear alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and at least one R 5 in formula (C) and formula (D) is selected from linear alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

6 . The ionic compound according to claim 5 , characterized in that R 3 to R 5 each are independently selected at each occurrence from H or straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; at least one R 3 or at least one R 4 in formula (B) is selected from straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; and at least one R 5 in formula (C) and formula (E) is selected from straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.

7 . The ionic compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that Y − is selected from fluoroborate containing ion or fluorophosphate containing ion.

8 . An application of the ionic compound according to claim 1 in an ionic liquid.

9 . An application of the ionic compound represented by any one of formulas (3) to (5) in perovskite material preparation:

wherein X 1 is independently selected at each occurrence from any one of H or linear alkane group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R 7 and N are bonded to each other to form an alicyclic heterocyclic ring unsubstituted or substituted by linear alkane, the alicyclic heterocyclic ring having 6 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and at least one X 1 in formula (5) is not H;

X 2 is selected from linear alkane group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and R 6 and N are bonded to each other to form an aromatic heterocyclic ring unsubstituted or substituted by linear alkane, the aromatic heterocyclic ring having 6 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom;

X 3 is independently selected at each occurrence from any one of H, aromatic ring group substituted by linear alkane and having 6 to 50 ring atoms, alicyclic alkyl group substituted by linear alkane and having 6 to 50 ring atoms, linear alkane group substituted by aromatic ring and having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, or linear alkane group substituted by alicyclic alkyl and having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and at least one X 3 in formula (3) is not H; and

Y − is a fluorine-containing anion.

10 . A perovskite precursor solution, characterized in that compositions of the perovskite precursor solution comprise a perovskite precursor and at least one of ionic compounds represented by formulas (3) to (5):

wherein X 1 is independently selected at each occurrence from any one of H or linear alkane group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R 7 and N are bonded to each other to form an alicyclic heterocyclic ring unsubstituted or substituted by linear alkane, the alicyclic heterocyclic ring having 6 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and at least one X 1 in formula (1) is not H;

X 2 is selected from linear alkane group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and R 6 and N are bonded to each other to form an aromatic heterocyclic ring unsubstituted or substituted by linear alkane, the aromatic heterocyclic ring having 6 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom;

X 3 is independently selected at each occurrence from any one of H, aromatic ring group substituted by linear alkane and having 6 to 50 ring atoms, alicyclic alkyl group substituted by linear alkane and having 6 to 50 ring atoms, linear alkane group substituted by aromatic ring and having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, or linear alkane group substituted by alicyclic alkyl and having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and at least one X 3 in formula (3) is not H; and

Y − is a fluorine-containing anion.

11 . A perovskite material, characterized in that compositions of the perovskite material comprise a perovskite compound and at least one of ionic compounds represented by formulas (3) to (5):

wherein X 1 is independently selected at each occurrence from any one of H or linear alkane group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R 7 and N are bonded to each other to form an alicyclic heterocyclic ring unsubstituted or substituted by linear alkane, the alicyclic heterocyclic ring having 6 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom; and at least one X 1 in formula (1) is not H;

X 2 is selected from linear alkane group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and R 6 and N are bonded to each other to form an aromatic heterocyclic ring unsubstituted or substituted by linear alkane, the aromatic heterocyclic ring having 6 to 50 ring atoms and containing only one N atom;

X 3 is independently selected at each occurrence from any one of H, aromatic ring group substituted by linear alkane and having 6 to 50 ring atoms, alicyclic alkyl group substituted by linear alkane and having 6 to 50 ring atoms, linear alkane group substituted by aromatic ring and having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, or linear alkane group substituted by alicyclic alkyl and having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and at least one X 3 in formula (3) is not H; and

Y − is a fluorine-containing anion.

12 . The perovskite material according to claim 11 , characterized in that a mass ratio of the ionic compound to element lead in the perovskite compound is (1 to 10):100.

13 . A preparation method for the perovskite material according to claim 11 , characterized by comprising the following steps:

mixing a perovskite precursor, the ionic compound, and a solvent to obtain a perovskite precursor solution; and

annealing the perovskite precursor solution to obtain the perovskite material.

14 . A solar cell, characterized in that the solar cell comprises the perovskite material according to either claim 11 .

15 . An electric apparatus, characterized in that the electric apparatus comprises the solar cell according to claim 14 .