Solar power dynamic glass for heating and cooling buildings
Various embodiments herein relate to systems for powering electrochromic windows in a building. Systems may include photovoltaic panels configured to generate electrical power, energy storage device(s) configured for storing generated power, and one or more controllers on a network of electrochromic windows that are configured to receive power from the energy storage device(s) and power tint transitions in one or more electrochromic windows. Systems may include various additional circuit components described herein for regulating and/or controlling the generation, storage, and application of electric power. The systems and techniques described herein can be used to design networks of electrochromic windows that are hybrid-solar or off-the-grid (“OTG”).
1. A method of providing power to a plurality of optically switchable windows in a building, the method comprising:
generating electric power for one or more of the plurality of optically switchable windows with a photovoltaic spandrel glass comprising at least one photovoltaic array integrated with spandrels tiles and/or spandrel glass.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising
receiving, at a voltage regulator, electric power from the photovoltaic array and apply, with the voltage regulator, a charge signal to an energy storage device, and
generating a DC output signal using power stored in the energy storage device and/or power from the photovoltaic array;
controlling tint states of the plurality of optically switchable windows with one or more window controllers; and
receiving power from the DC output signal with one or more control panels and providing power from the one or more control panels to the one or more window controllers.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the one or more control panels comprise a master controller, and further comprising issuing instructions with the master controller to the one or more window controllers for controlling the tint states of the plurality of optically switchable windows.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:
receiving, at the master controller, photopic data and/or directional lux data from one or more sensors, and basing the issued instructions at least in part on the photopic data and/or the directional lux data.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:
receiving, at the master controller, directional lux data, and wherein the master controller utilizes the directional lux data reposition the photovoltaic array into a direction and orientation that approximately maximizes electric power generation.
6. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:
gathering, with a photovoltaic monitor coupled to the photovoltaic array, irradiance data from the photovoltaic array, and basing the issued instructions at least in part on the irradiance data.
7. The method of claim 2 , further comprising receiving, at a DC distribution panel, the DC output signal from the voltage regulator and distributing power to the one or more control panels.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising delivering, with the DC distribution panel, power to one or more non-electrochromic window systems.
9. The method of claim 2 , further comprising interacting, with an inverter, a power grid and converting the DC output signal to an alternating current (AC) output.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
dividing and distributing the AC output to one or more control panels with an AC distribution panel coupled to the inverter;
receiving power, at the one or more control panels, from the AC distribution panel; and
converting AC power to DC power.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the interacting includes the inverter feeding power back into the power grid and the power grid providing power to the inverter.
12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the energy storage device comprises one or more batteries configured for deep-cycle applications, further comprising the voltage regulator preventing overcharging of the one or more batteries.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the photovoltaic array comprises at least two photovoltaic panels, the at least two photovoltaic panels having a different selectivity to wavelengths of light, and further comprising using the different selectivity of the at least two photovoltaic panels to determine or estimate a full spectrum of solar irradiance received by the building.
14. A building comprising:
a plurality of optically switchable windows; and
at least one photovoltaic spandrel glass comprising at least one photovoltaic array integrated with spandrels tiles and/or spandrel glass, the photovoltaic array being configured to generate electric power for one or more of the plurality of optically switchable windows.
15. The building of claim 14 , further comprising:
an energy storage device;
a voltage regulator configured to:
receive electric power from the photovoltaic array and apply a charge signal to the energy storage device, and
generate a DC output signal using power stored in the energy storage device and/or power from the photovoltaic array;
one or more window controllers configured to control tint states of the plurality of optically switchable windows; and
one or more control panels configured to receive power from the DC output signal and provide power to one or more window controllers.
16. The building of claim 15 , further comprising a photovoltaic combiner coupled with the photovoltaic array and the voltage regulator, the photovoltaic combiner configured to minimize wiring to the voltage regulator.
17. The building of claim 15 wherein the one or more control panels comprise a master controller configured to issue instructions to the one or more window controllers for controlling the tint states of the plurality of optically switchable windows.
18. The building of claim 17 , wherein the master controller is further configured to receive photopic data and/or directional lux data from one or more sensors, and wherein the issued instructions are based at least in part on the photopic data and/or the directional lux data.
19. The building of claim 18 , wherein at least one of the one or more sensors is located in a different building.
20. The building of claim 19 , wherein the one or more sensors comprise a ring sensor.
21. The building of claim 14 , wherein the photovoltaic array comprises at least two photovoltaic panels, the at least two photovoltaic panels having a different selectivity to wavelengths of light, and wherein different selectivity of the at least two photovoltaic panels is used to determine or estimate a full spectrum of solar irradiance received by the building.
22. The building of claim 21 , wherein the photovoltaic panels have a different selectivity to wavelengths of light based on their bandgap energies or an optical filter.
23. The building of claim 15 , further comprising a DC distribution panel configured to receive the DC output signal from the voltage regulator and distribute power to the one or more control panels.
24. The building of claim 23 , wherein the DC distribution panel is further configured to deliver power to one or more non-electrochromic window systems.
25. The building of claim 24 , further comprising a 24-volt direct current (DC) distribution grid for delivering power to the one or more control panels and/or the one or more non-electrochromic systems.
26. The building of claim 25 , further comprising an inverter configured to interact with a power grid and convert the DC output signal to an alternating current (AC) output.
27. The building of claim 25 , wherein the voltage regulator is a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller or a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller.