Spherical particles comprising carbon nanomaterial-graft-polymer and methods of production and uses thereof
Highly spherical particles may comprise a thermoplastic polymer grafted to a carbon nanomaterial (CNM-g-polymer), wherein the particles have an aerated density of about 0.5 g/cm 3 (preferably about 0.55 g/cm 3 ) to about 0.8 g/cm 3 . Said CNM-g-polymer particles may be useful in a variety of applications including selective laser sintering additive manufacturing methods.
1. A method comprising:
providing a mixture comprising:
(a) carbon nanomaterial-graft-polyolefin (CNM-g-polyolefin), wherein the CNM-g-polyolefin comprises a polyolefin grafted to a carbon nanomaterial (CNM) by a direct covalent bond, the CNM-g-polyolefin being produced by in-situ free radical functionalization,
(b) a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the polyolefin of the CNM-g-polyolefin, optionally (c) a thermoplastic polymer not grafted to a CNM, and optionally (d) an emulsion stabilizer;
shearing the mixture at a temperature greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the polyolefin and the thermoplastic polymer, when included, and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the CNM-g-polyolefin in the carrier fluid;
cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature to form CNM-g-polyolefin particles; and
separating the CNM-g-polyolefin particles from the carrier fluid;
wherein the CNM-g-polyolefin particles have a circularity of about 0.90 to about 1.0.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein CNM-g-polyolefin particles have an angle of repose of about 25° to about 45°.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CNM-g-polyolefin particles have an aerated density of about 0.55 g/cm 3 to about 0.8 g/cm 3 .
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein CNM-g-polyolefin particles have a diameter span of about 0.2 to about 10.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CNM-g-polyolefin comprises about 50 wt % to about 99.95 wt % of the polyolefin, and about 0.05 wt % to about 50 wt % of the carbon nanomaterial, based on a total weight of the CNM-g-polyolefin.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the emulsion stabilizer is present and becomes located upon an outer surface of the CNM-g-polyolefin particles.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the emulsion stabilizer comprises oxide nanoparticles.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the emulsion stabilizer is embedded in the outer surface.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer is present.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein a weight ratio of the CNM-g-polyolefin to the thermoplastic polymer is about 10:90 to about 99:1.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CNM-g-polyolefin particles have a D10 of about 0.1 μm to about 125 μm, a D50 of about 0.5 μm to about 200 μm, and a D90 of about 3 μm to about 300 μm, and wherein D10<D50<D90.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyolefin comprises a monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, and any combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carrier fluid is selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oils, perfluorinated silicone oils, polyethylene glycols, alkyl-terminal polyethylene glycols, paraffins, liquid petroleum jelly, vison oils, turtle oils, soya bean oils, perhydrosqualene, sweet almond oils, calophyllum oils, palm oils, parleam oils, grapeseed oils, sesame oils, maize oils, rapeseed oils, sunflower oils, cottonseed oils, apricot oils, castor oils, avocado oils, jojoba oils, olive oils, cereal germ oils, esters of lanolic acid, esters of oleic acid, esters of lauric acid, esters of stearic acid, fatty esters, higher fatty acids, fatty alcohols, polysiloxanes modified with fatty acids, polysiloxanes modified with fatty alcohols, polysiloxanes modified with polyoxy alkylenes, and any combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanomaterial is selected from the group consisting of a fullerene, a carbon nanotube, graphite, graphene, and any combination thereof.