Systems and methods for providing surge relief

1. A method for testing responses of a system to one or more changes in a pressure of a fluid, the system comprising:

a first piping subsystem that receives a first input flow;

a second piping subsystem that receives a second input flow, the second piping subsystem being independent of the first piping subsystem;

a third piping subsystem that receives the first input flow or the second input flow by respectively substituting for the first piping subsystem or second piping system;

a test subsystem;

first and second pilots that detect a maximum pressure and a maximum pressure rate increase, respectively, in each of the piping subsystems; and

for each piping subsystem, an associated set of operating valves,

wherein, in the system;

each operating valve is sized in relation to a diameter of a respective pipe to which the valve is coupled;

the substituting is performed by actuating the operating valves;

one or more operating valves associated with the first piping subsystem is of a different size from one or more operating valves associated with the second piping subsystem; and

one or more operating valves associated with the third piping subsystem has a diameter at least as wide as a widest diameter from among the operating valves associated with each of the first and second piping subsystems,

the method comprising, via the test subsystem:

simulating a surge event in a selected piping subsystem, the selected piping subsystem being one of the first, second, and third piping subsystems;

checking that the selected piping subsystem vents pressure in response to one or more of the simulated surge events.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises, for each piping subsystem, a surge-relief valve, and wherein each piping subsystems vents pressure via one or more of the surge-relief valves.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the operating valves of each piping subsystem is a block valve that isolates for maintenance a selected piping subsystem from one or more unselected piping subsystems.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the second subsystem, when the first piping subsystem is isolated for the maintenance, operates normally.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein at least a first block valve is located upstream the first and second pilots of a respective piping subsystem and at least a second block valve is located downstream the first and second pilots of the respective piping subsystem.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the first, second, and third piping subsystems relieves a portion of the fluid into a container upon satisfaction of a criterion.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second pilots detect different maximum pressures and different maximum pressure rate increases in each of the first and second piping subsystems.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein, when performing the substitution, the first and second pilots of the third piping subsystem detect a same maximum pressure and a same maximum pressure rate increase in either the first or second piping subsystem, respectively.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the first, second, and third piping subsystems comprises a pair of pilots, the pairs of pilots being in addition to the first and second pilot.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second pilots are actuated mechanically without electrical power and without Internet access.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is a liquid.

12. The method of claim 2 , further comprising, engaging, via the test subsystem, the surge-relief valve of each of the first, second, and third piping subsystems by stimulating the respective piping subsystem with a pressurized fluid.

13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, using nitrogen to increase pressure in each of the piping subsystems to simulate the surge events.

14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, independently testing, in each of the piping subsystems, functioning of the pilots that detect the maximum pressure by increasing pressure at a rate lower than the respective maximum pressure rate increase.

15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, independently testing, in each of the piping subsystems, functioning of the pilots that detect the maximum pressure rate increase by increasing pressure to a level lower than the respective maximum pressure.