Geometric Properties of an Embedded Electrode Structure for an Acoustic Filter
An apparatus is disclosed for implementing an acoustic filter having an embedded electrode structure with particular geometric properties. In an example aspect, the geometric properties of the embedded electrode structure can be tailored to enhance performance of the acoustic filter in terms of insertion loss, temperature stability, quality factor, and spurious-mode suppression. Furthermore, the geometric properties can enable the acoustic filter to be tuned for a particular frequency range and/or bandwidth, to fit within space-constrained devices, and improve the ease of manufacturing. Various performance improvements and design requirements can be met using the embedded electrode structure because the geometric properties of the embedded electrode structure provide additional degrees of freedom in designing the acoustic filter. This design freedom enables a performance of the acoustic filter to be optimized in the presence of multiple complex interdependencies.
1 . An apparatus comprising:
an acoustic filter comprising:
a piezoelectric layer having two opposite surfaces that respectively form a first plane and a second plane;
an electrode structure that is at least partially embedded within the piezoelectric layer, the electrode structure comprising multiple fingers positioned across a first axis,
a value of a metallization ratio associated with the multiple fingers being greater than approximately 0.2;
a cross section of each finger of the multiple fingers having a planar surface that is perpendicular to the first plane, the cross section having:
a first segment that abuts the first plane; and
a second segment that is between the first plane and the second plane; and
a tangent line positioned at a point along an edge of the cross section forming an exterior angle relative to the first axis, a value of the exterior angle having a range approximately from 50° to 120°, the edge of the cross section joining the first segment to the second segment.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrode structure is at least partially embedded within the piezoelectric layer such that at least a portion of the electrode structure extends from the first plane towards the second plane.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the value of the exterior angle further has a range approximately from 60° to 90°.
4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cross section is in a shape of a trapezoid.
5 . The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein:
the trapezoid comprises:
a first base that abuts the first plane;
a second base that faces towards the second plane; and
a leg that joins the first base to the second base;
the point along the edge of the cross section comprises a point along the leg; and
the exterior angle is formed between the leg and a line that extends past the second base along the first axis.
6 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the metallization ratio represents an average width of adjacent fingers of the multiple fingers divided by an average distance between the adjacent fingers of the multiple fingers.
7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
longitudinal axes of the multiple fingers are substantially parallel to a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis;
a third axis is normal to the first axis and the second axis;
an orientation of the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis is relative to a crystalline structure of the piezoelectric layer as defined by Euler angles lambda (λ), mu (μ), and theta (θ); and
a value of Euler angle mu (μ) has a range approximately from −70° to −55° or at least one symmetrical equivalent.
8 . The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein values of the Euler angle lambda (λ) and theta (θ) are approximately equal to 0°.
9 . The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the acoustic filter is configured to excite two modes of different orders based on the Euler angles lambda (λ), mu (μ), and theta (θ).
10 . The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein:
the acoustic filter is configured to excite an acoustic wave having a wavelength; and
a height of each finger of the multiple fingers has a range approximately from 5% to 20% of the wavelength.
11 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the acoustic filter comprises a surface-acoustic-wave filter;
the value of the exterior angle further has a range approximately from 60° to 90°; and
the value of the metallization ratio further has a range approximately from 0.3 to 0.6.
12 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the acoustic filter comprises a thin-film surface-acoustic-wave filter;
the value of the exterior angle further has a range approximately from 60° to 90°; and
the value of the metallization ratio further has a range approximately from 0.3 to 0.6.
13 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the acoustic filter comprises a high-quality temperature-compensated surface-acoustic-wave filter;
the value of the exterior angle further has a range approximately from 60° to 90°; and
the value of the metallization ratio further has a range greater than approximately 0.2.
14 . A method of manufacturing an acoustic filter, the method comprising:
providing a piezoelectric layer having two opposite surfaces that respectively form a first plane and a second plane; and
providing an electrode structure that is at least partially embedded within the piezoelectric layer, the electrode structure comprising multiple fingers positioned across a first axis, wherein:
a value of a metallization ratio associated with the multiple fingers is greater than approximately 0.2;
a cross section of each finger of the multiple fingers has a planar surface that is perpendicular to the first plane, the cross section having:
a first segment that abuts the first plane; and
a second segment that is between the first plane and the second plane; and
a tangent line positioned at a point along an edge of the cross section forms an exterior angle relative to the first axis, a value of the exterior angle having a range approximately from 50° to 120°, the edge of the cross section joining the first segment to the second segment.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein:
longitudinal axes of the multiple fingers are substantially parallel to a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis;
a third axis is normal to the first axis and the second axis;
an orientation of the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis is relative to a crystalline structure of the piezoelectric layer as defined by Euler angles lambda (λ), mu (μ), and theta (θ); and
providing the piezoelectric layer comprises providing the piezoelectric layer such that a value of Euler angle mu (μ) has a range approximately from −70° to −55° or at least one symmetrical equivalent.
16 . An acoustic filter comprising:
a piezoelectric layer having two opposite surfaces that respectively form a first plane and a second plane; and
an electrode structure comprising multiple fingers positioned across a first axis, at least a portion of each finger of the multiple fingers extending from the first plane towards the second plane,
a value of a metallization ratio associated with the multiple fingers being greater than approximately 0.3; and
a cross section of each finger of the multiple fingers having a quadrilateral shape with a segment that faces the second plane and a sidewall that forms an exterior angle with a line that extends from the segment, a value of the exterior angle having a range approximately from 50° to 120°.
17 . The acoustic filter of claim 16 , wherein:
the value of the exterior angle further has a range approximately from 60° to 90°; and
the value of the metallization ratio further has a range approximately from 0.3 to 0.6.
18 . The acoustic filter of claim 16 , further comprising:
a substrate stack that abuts the second plane;
the value of the exterior angle further has a range approximately from 60° to 90°; and
the value of the metallization ratio further has a range approximately from 0.3 to 0.6.
19 . The acoustic filter of claim 16 , further comprising:
a compensation layer disposed that abuts the first plane;
the value of the exterior angle further has a range approximately from 60° to 90°; and
the value of the metallization ratio further has a range greater than approximately 0.2.
20 . The acoustic filter of claim 16 , wherein:
longitudinal axes of the multiple fingers are substantially parallel to a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis;
a third axis is normal to the first axis and the second axis;
an orientation of the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis is relative to a crystalline structure of the piezoelectric layer as defined by Euler angles lambda (λ), mu (μ), and theta (θ);
a value of Euler angle mu (μ) has a range approximately from −70° to −55° or at least one symmetrical equivalent;
values of the Euler angle lambda (λ) and theta (θ) are approximately equal to 0°; and
the piezoelectric layer comprises lithium niobate material.