Polymer latex for dip-molding applications
The present invention relates to a polymer latex for dip-molding applications obtainable by free-radical emulsion polymerization of a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising at least one conjugated diene and at least one ethylenically unsaturated nitrile compound in an aqueous medium in presence of seed latex particles having a glass transition temperature (mid point temperature Tmg) measured by DSC according to ASTM D3418-03 of −50° C. to 50° C. wherein the seed latex particles do not contain structural units derived from ethylenically unsaturated nitrile compounds, to a method of preparing said polymer latex, to articles made by using said polymer latex and to a method for preparing dip-molded articles from said polymer latex.
1. A polymer latex for dip-molding applications obtained by free-radical emulsion polymerization of a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising at least one conjugated diene and at least one ethylenically unsaturated nitrile compound, wherein the unsaturated nitrile is present in amounts of at least 22 wt.-% based on the total weight of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous medium in presence of seed latex particles having a glass transition temperature (mid point temperature Tmg) measured by DSC according to ASTM D3418-03 of −40° C. to 50° C. wherein the seed latex particles do not contain structural units derived from ethylenically unsaturated nitrile compounds, wherein the seed latex particles comprise structural units derived from 80 to 99.95 wt.-% of alkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated acids, and 0.05 to 10 wt.-% of ethylenically unsaturated acids, based on the total weight of monomers constituting the seed particles, and wherein a z-average particle size measured with a Malvern zetasizer nano S (ZEN 1600) using dynamic light scattering of the seed latex particles is 10 to 80 nm.
2. The polymer latex of claim 1 , wherein the seed latex particles comprise structural units derived from monomers selected from:
vinyl aromatic monomers;
alkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated acids;
hydroxyalkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated acids,
amides of ethylenically unsaturated acids;
ethylenically unsaturated acids;
vinyl carboxylates;
conjugated dienes;
monomers having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups; and
combinations thereof.
3. The polymer latex of claim 1 , wherein the Tmg of the seed latex particles is −40° C. to 40° C.
4. The polymer latex of claim 1 , wherein the seed latex particles are present in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of total ethylenically unsaturated monomers employed in the emulsion polymerization.
5. The polymer latex of claim 1 , wherein the z-average particle size measured with a Malvern zetasizer nano S (ZEN 1600) using dynamic light scattering of the seed latex particles is 15 to 80 nm.
6. The polymer latex of claim 1 , wherein
the conjugated diene is selected from butadiene, isoprene and combinations thereof;
the ethylenically unsaturated nitrile compound is selected from (meth)acrylonitrile, alpha-cyanoethyl acrylonitrile, fumaronitrile, and combinations thereof; and
the mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers optionally comprises ethylenically unsaturated monomers selected from:
vinyl aromatic monomers;
alkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated acids;
hydroxyalkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated acids;
amides of ethylenically unsaturated acids;
vinyl carboxylates; and
combinations thereof.
7. The polymer latex of claim 1 , wherein the ethylenically unsaturated monomers are selected from:
15 to 99 wt.-% of conjugated dienes;
22 to 80 wt.-% of monomers selected from ethylenically unsaturated nitrile compounds;
0 to 40 wt.-% of vinyl aromatic monomers;
0 to 25 wt.-% of C 1 to C 8 alkyl (meth)acrylate;
0 to 10 wt.-% of ethylenically unsaturated acids;
0 to 10 wt.-% of ethylenically unsaturated compounds bearing silane, sulfonate, sulfonic acid, amide and/or N-methylolamide groups,
the weight percentages being based on the total monomers employed in the emulsion polymerization.
8. The polymer latex of claim 2 , wherein the alkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated acids comprise a combination of 2 or more alkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated acids.
9. A compounded latex composition suitable for the production of dip-molded
articles comprising the polymer latex according to claim 1 and optionally adjuvants selected from sulfur, accelerators for sulfur vulcanization, crosslinkers, polyvalent cations, and combinations thereof.
10. An article made using the polymer latex according to claim 1 .
11. The article of claim 10 , being selected from surgical gloves, examination gloves, condoms, catheters, industrial gloves, textile-supported gloves and household gloves.