Determining a volume of metallic swarf in a wellbore fluid
A metallic swarf sensor includes a housing configured to couple to a fluid conduit that includes a flowpath for a circulation of a wellbore fluid that includes metallic swarf; a magnetic tine assembly that includes a pair of magnetic tines that extend from the housing and connect through a magnetic flexure; a magnetic assembly at least partially enclosed within the housing and coupled to the magnetic tine assembly; and a piezoelectric actuator at least partially enclosed within the housing and coupled to the magnetic tine assembly. The magnetic assembly is configured to magnetize the magnetic tine assembly. The piezoelectric actuator is configured to resonate the magnetic tine assembly at a variable resonance frequency.
1 . A metallic swarf sensor, comprising:
a housing configured to couple to a fluid conduit that comprises a flowpath for a circulation of a wellbore fluid that comprises metallic swarf;
a magnetic tine assembly that comprises a pair of magnetic tines that extend from the housing and connect through a magnetic flexure;
a magnetic assembly at least partially enclosed within the housing and coupled to the magnetic tine assembly, the magnetic assembly configured to magnetize the magnetic tine assembly; and
a piezoelectric actuator at least partially enclosed within the housing and coupled to the magnetic tine assembly, the piezoelectric actuator configured to resonate the magnetic tine assembly at a variable resonance frequency.
2 . The metallic swarf sensor of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric actuator is coupled to the magnetic tine assembly at a first pivot point coupled to a first magnetic tine of the pair of magnetic tines and at a second pivot point coupled to a second magnetic tine of the pair of magnetic tines.
3 . The metallic swarf sensor of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic assembly comprises:
a magnetic core; and
an electromagnetic coil wrapped around the magnetic core and electrically coupled to a power source through one or more electrical feedthrough connections.
4 . The metallic swarf sensor of claim 3 , comprising a controller electrically coupled to the electromagnetic coil and configured to perform operations comprising:
applying a current from the power source to the electromagnetic coil to magnetize the magnetic tine assembly to magnetically attract the metallic swarf to the magnetic tine assembly from the wellbore fluid;
decoupling the current from the power source to the electromagnetic coil to demagnetize the magnetic tine assembly to cease to magnetically attract the metallic swarf to the magnetic tine assembly from the wellbore fluid; and
operating the electromagnetic coil to perform a reverse degauss process to clean the metallic swarf from the magnetic tine assembly.
5 . The metallic swarf sensor of claim 4 , wherein the current is a first current at a first magnetic polarity, and the operation of operating the electromagnetic coil to perform the reverse degauss process to clean the metallic swarf from the magnetic tine assembly comprises:
applying a second current at a second magnetic polarity that is reverse from the first magnetic polarity from the power source to the electromagnetic coil to demagnetize the magnetic tine assembly to repel the metallic swarf attached to the magnetic tine assembly.
6 . The metallic swarf sensor of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic assembly comprises:
a permanent magnet; and
a poling coil wrapped around the permanent magnet and electrically coupled to a power source through one or more electrical feedthrough connections.
7 . The metallic swarf sensor of claim 6 , comprising a controller electrically coupled to the poling coil and configured to perform operations comprising:
applying a current from the power source to the poling coil to depole the permanent magnet and switch a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet; and
based on the switched magnetic field, demagnetizing the magnetic tine assembly to magnetically repel the metallic swarf attached to the magnetic tine assembly.
8 . The metallic swarf sensor of claim 7 , wherein the operation of applying the current comprises applying a current of sufficient magnitude to overcome an intrinsic coercivity of the permanent magnet.
9 . The metallic swarf sensor of claim 8 , wherein the current of sufficient magnitude is determined by:
i
=
[
L
PM
N
turns
]
H
c
i
,
where L PM is an axial dimension of the permanent magnet, i is the current magnitude in the poling coil, H ci is the intrinsic coercivity, and N turns is a total number of turns of the poling coil.
10 . The metallic swarf sensor of claim 1 , wherein each of the pair of magnetic tines comprises a blade, and the magnetic flexure comprises a sinusoidal shape.
11 . The metallic swarf sensor of claim 10 , wherein the blade comprises a plurality of teeth.
12 . The metallic swarf sensor of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic tine assembly comprises a magnetic stainless steel alloy.
13 . A method for managing metallic swarf in a drilling fluid, comprising:
circulating a drilling fluid through a flowpath of a fluid conduit that comprises at least one metallic swarf sensor coupled to the fluid conduit, the drilling fluid comprising metallic swarf;
energizing a magnetic assembly at least partially enclosed within a housing of the metallic swarf sensor that is coupled to an exterior of the fluid conduit;
based on energizing the magnetic assembly, magnetizing a magnetic tine assembly of the metallic swarf sensor that extends into the flowpath from the housing, the magnetic tine assembly comprising a pair of magnetic tines that extend from the housing and connect through a magnetic flexure;
resonating, at a variable resonance frequency, the magnetic tine assembly with a piezoelectric actuator at least partially enclosed within the housing; and
magnetically attracting at least a portion of the metallic swarf in the drilling fluid to the magnetized magnetic tine assembly.
14 . The method of claim 13 , comprising resonating the magnetic tine assembly with the piezoelectric actuator through a first pivot point coupled to a first magnetic tine of the pair of magnetic tines and through a second pivot point coupled to a second magnetic tine of the pair of magnetic tines.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein energizing the magnetic assembly comprises providing a current from a power source to an electromagnetic coil wrapped around a magnetic core through one or more electrical feedthrough connections.
16 . The method of claim 15 , comprising:
magnetizing the magnetic tine assembly by providing the current from the power source to the electromagnetic coil;
magnetically attracting the metallic swarf from the drilling fluid to the magnetic tine assembly;
decoupling the current from the power source to the electromagnetic coil to demagnetize the magnetic tine assembly to cease to magnetically attract the metallic swarf to the magnetic tine assembly from the wellbore fluid; and
operating the electromagnetic coil to perform a reverse degauss process to clean the metallic swarf from the magnetic tine assembly.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the current is a first current at a first magnetic polarity, and operating the electromagnetic coil to perform the reverse degauss process to clean the metallic swarf from the magnetic tine assembly comprises:
providing a second current at a second magnetic polarity that is reverse from the first magnetic polarity from the power source to the electromagnetic coil to demagnetize the magnetic tine assembly to repel the metallic swarf attached to the magnetic tine assembly.
18 . The method of claim 13 , wherein energizing the magnetic assembly comprises generating a magnetic field with a permanent magnet around which is wrapped a poling coil that is electrically coupled to a power source through one or more electrical feedthrough connections.
19 . The method of claim 18 , comprising:
providing a current from the power source to the poling coil to depole the permanent magnet and switch a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet; and
based on the switched magnetic field, demagnetizing the magnetic tine assembly to magnetically repel the metallic swarf attached to the magnetic tine assembly.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein applying the current comprises applying a current of sufficient magnitude to overcome an intrinsic coercivity of the permanent magnet.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the current of sufficient magnitude is determined by:
i
=
[
L
PM
N
turns
]
H
c
i
,
where L PM is an axial dimension of the permanent magnet, i is the current magnitude in the poling coil, H ci is the intrinsic coercivity, and N turns is a total number of turns of the poling coil.
22 . The method of claim 13 , wherein each of the pair of magnetic tines comprises a blade, and the magnetic flexure comprises a sinusoidal shape.
23 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the blade comprises a plurality of teeth.
24 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the magnetic tine assembly comprises a magnetic stainless steel alloy.
25 . A drilling fluid sensor array, comprising:
at least a portion of a flow conduit configured to circulate a drilling fluid comprising metallic swarf from a wellbore;
a first metallic swarf sensor coupled to the flow conduit, the first metallic swarf sensor comprising:
a first housing coupled to the flow conduit;
a first magnetic tine assembly that comprises a first pair of magnetic tines that extend from the housing and connect through a first magnetic flexure;
a first magnetic assembly at least partially enclosed within the first housing and coupled to the first magnetic tine assembly, the first magnetic assembly configured to magnetize the first magnetic tine assembly; and
a first piezoelectric actuator at least partially enclosed within the first housing and coupled to the first magnetic tine assembly, the first piezoelectric actuator configured to resonate the first magnetic tine assembly at a variable resonance frequency; and
a second metallic swarf sensor coupled to the flow conduit, the second metallic swarf sensor comprising:
a second housing coupled to the flow conduit;
a second magnetic tine assembly that comprises a second pair of magnetic tines that extend from the housing and connect through a second magnetic flexure;
a second magnetic assembly at least partially enclosed within the second housing and coupled to the second magnetic tine assembly, the second magnetic assembly configured to magnetize the second magnetic tine assembly; and
a second piezoelectric actuator at least partially enclosed within the second housing and coupled to the second magnetic tine assembly, the second piezoelectric actuator configured to resonate the second magnetic tine assembly at a variable resonance frequency.
26 . The drilling fluid sensor array of claim 25 , wherein the first metallic swarf sensor is coupled to the flow conduit on a first side, and the second metallic swarf sensor is coupled to the flow conduit on a second side opposite the first side.
27 . The drilling fluid sensor array of claim 26 , comprising:
a third metallic swarf sensor coupled to the flow conduit, the third metallic swarf sensor comprising:
a third housing coupled to the flow conduit;
a third magnetic tine assembly that comprises a third pair of magnetic tines that extend from the housing and connect through a third magnetic flexure;
a third magnetic assembly at least partially enclosed within the third housing and coupled to the third magnetic tine assembly, the third magnetic assembly configured to magnetize the third magnetic tine assembly; and
a third piezoelectric actuator at least partially enclosed within the third housing and coupled to the third magnetic tine assembly, the third piezoelectric actuator configured to resonate the third magnetic tine assembly at a variable resonance frequency; and
a fourth metallic swarf sensor coupled to the flow conduit, the fourth metallic swarf sensor comprising:
a fourth housing coupled to the flow conduit;
a fourth magnetic tine assembly that comprises a fourth pair of magnetic tines that extend from the housing and connect through a fourth magnetic flexure;
a fourth magnetic assembly at least partially enclosed within the fourth housing and coupled to the fourth magnetic tine assembly, the fourth magnetic assembly configured to magnetize the fourth magnetic tine assembly; and
a fourth piezoelectric actuator at least partially enclosed within the fourth housing and coupled to the fourth magnetic tine assembly, the fourth piezoelectric actuator configured to resonate the fourth magnetic tine assembly at a variable resonance frequency.
28 . The drilling fluid sensor array of claim 27 , wherein the third metallic swarf sensor is coupled to the flow conduit on the first side, and the fourth metallic swarf sensor is coupled to the flow conduit on the second side.
29 . The drilling fluid sensor array of claim 25 , wherein each of the first pair of magnetic tines comprises a blade, and the first magnetic flexure comprises a sinusoidal shape, and each of the second pair of magnetic tines comprises a blade, and the second magnetic flexure comprises the sinusoidal shape.
30 . The drilling fluid sensor array of claim 29 , wherein the blade of each magnetic tine of the first and second pair of magnetic tines comprises a flat side angled relative to a direction of flow of the drilling fluid.