Mixed matrix membranes containing covalent triazine frameworks

1. A method of synthesizing a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) film, the method comprising:

synthesizing a polymer comprising a polynorbornene or a polytricyclononene;

synthesizing covalent-triazine frameworks (CTFs);

preparing a polymer solution by dissolving the polymer in a first solvent;

preparing a filler solution by dispersing the CTFs in a second solvent;

adding the polymer solution to the filler solution while stirring the filler solution, forming a casting solution;

pouring the casting solution into a membrane support; and

drying the poured casting solution in the membrane support to form the MMM film comprising the CTFs.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the synthesizing of the polymer comprises performing a vinyl addition polymerization process using a norbornene nadimide derivative as a monomer.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the synthesizing of the polymer comprises performing a polymerization process using a 5-vinyl-2-norbornene as a monomer.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the synthesizing of the polymer comprises:

performing a polymerization process using a norbornene derivative comprising an exocyclic vinyl group as a monomer, forming an intermediate polynorbornene comprising the exocyclic vinyl group;

performing an epoxidation of the exocyclic vinyl group of the intermediate polynorbornene to form an epoxide group; and

reacting the epoxide group with a secondary amine to form the polynorbornene, which comprises an amine group.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the synthesizing of the polymer comprises:

synthesizing a tricyclononene derivative comprising an alkoxysilane group; and

performing a ring-opening metathesis polymerization process using the tricyclononene as a monomer to form the polytricyclononene.

6. A method of synthesizing a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) film, the method comprising:

synthesizing covalent-triazine frameworks (CTFs), the synthesizing comprising performing a trimerization of a nitrile monomer, the nitrile monomer comprising two or more nitrile groups;

preparing a filler solution by dispersing the CTFs in a solvent;

adding a polymer solution comprising a polynorbornene or a polytricyclononene to the filler solution while stirring the filler solution, forming a casting solution;

pouring the casting solution into a membrane support; and

drying the poured casting solution in the membrane support to form the MMM film comprising the CTFs.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the nitrile monomer is a biphenyldicarbonitrile derivative.

8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the nitrile monomer is 2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′-octafluoro-4,4′-biphenyldicarbonitrile (F-DCBP).

9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the nitrile monomer comprises a triazole structure.

10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the nitrile monomer is a triazole-functionalized perfluorinated aromatic trinitrile (Tz-PFCN).

11. A mixed matrix membrane (MMM) comprising:

a polymer matrix (PM) comprising a polynorbornene or a polytricyclononene; and

a filler dispersed in the PM, the filler comprising covalent-triazine frameworks (CTFs).

12. The MMM of claim 11 , wherein the PM comprises an imide group.

13. The MMM of claim 11 , wherein the PM comprises a polynorbornene with a norbornene nadimide structure.

14. The MMM of claim 11 , wherein the PM comprises an amine group.

15. The MMM of claim 11 , wherein the PM comprises a polynorbornene comprising an amine group.

16. The MMM of claim 11 , wherein the PM comprises the polynorbornene, which is synthesized using a vinyl addition polymerization process with a 5-vinyl-2-norbornene as a monomer.

17. The MMM of claim 11 , wherein the PM comprises a polytricyclononene comprising an alkoxysilane group.

18. The MMM of claim 11 , wherein the CTFs comprise fluorine.

19. The MMM of claim 11 , wherein the CTFs comprise a fluorinated-biphenyl structure.

20. The MMM of claim 11 , wherein the CTFs comprise a triazole unit.