Multi-stage polymeric latexes, coating compositions containing such latexes, and articles coated therewith
An aqueous coating composition useful in coating a variety of substrates, including interior or exterior portions of food or beverage cans. The coating composition includes a multi-stage polymeric latex having two or more emulsion polymerized stages in an aqueous carrier liquid, wherein the latex has one or both of: (i) a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) emulsion polymerized stage having a calculated Tg that is at least 20° C. lower than a calculated Tg of a higher Tg emulsion polymerized stage, or (ii) a gradient Tg with at least a 20° C. differential in the calculated Tg of monomers fed at the start of polymerization compared to monomers fed at the end of polymerization. When spray-applied on the interior of a food or beverage can, the composition exhibits a global extraction result of less than 50 ppm and a metal exposure value of less than 3 mA.
1. An aqueous interior spray beverage container coating composition comprising a multi-stage polymeric latex having two or more emulsion polymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomer stages, wherein the latex has a lower Tg emulsion polymerized stage having a calculated Tg that is at least 35° C. lower than a calculated Tg of a higher Tg emulsion polymerized stage, wherein the coating composition includes, based on total resin solids, at least 50 wt. % of the two or more emulsion polymerized stages;
wherein the coating composition includes from 15 wt. % to 25 wt % of solids, is substantially free of each of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S, and includes or is derived from no more than 0.5 wt. % of acrylamide-type monomers, if any, based on the aggregate weight of polymerizable monomers employed to make the latex;
wherein the coating composition, when spray applied onto an interior of a 355 mL no. 211 two-piece drawn and ironed aluminum beverage can at 115 milligrams per can coating weight and cured at 188° C. to 199° C. (measured at the can dome) for 55 seconds exhibits:
(i) a global extraction result of less than 50 ppm,
(ii) a metal exposure of less than 3 mA on average when the can is filled with 1% NaCl in deionized water and tested pursuant to the Initial Metal Exposure test method disclosed herein,
(iii) a metal exposure of less than 3.5 mA when tested pursuant to the Metal Exposure after Drop Damage test disclosed herein, and
(iv) a measured Tg of at least 50° C.
2. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition, when spray applied onto an interior of a 355 mL no. 211 two-piece drawn and ironed aluminum beverage can at 115 milligrams per can coating weight and cured at 188° C. to 199° C. (measured at the can dome) for 55 seconds, exhibits a measured Tg of at least 60° C.
3. The coating composition of claim 2 , wherein the aggregate of monomers used to form the two or more emulsion polymerized stages include at least 85 wt. % of one or more (meth)acrylates.
4. The coating composition of claim 2 , wherein the latex has a higher Tg emulsion polymerized stage having a calculated Tg of greater than 60° C.
5. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein more than 50 weight percent of the emulsion polymerized stages have a calculated Tg of at least 60° C.
6. The coating composition of claim 2 , wherein organic solvent constitutes at least 10% by weight of the aqueous carrier liquid of the coating composition.
7. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition, when spray applied onto an interior of a 355 mL no. 211 two-piece drawn and ironed aluminum beverage can at 115 milligrams per can coating weight and cured at 188° C. to 199° C. (measured at the can dome) for 55 seconds, exhibits a measured Tg of at least 70° C.
8. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition, when spray applied onto an interior of a 355 mL no. 211 two-piece drawn and ironed aluminum beverage can at 115 milligrams per can coating weight and cured at 188° C. to 199° C. (measured at the can dome) for 55 seconds, exhibits a measured Tg of at least 80° C.
9. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the lower Tg emulsion polymerized stage has a calculated Tg that is at least 50° C. lower than the calculated Tg of the higher Tg emulsion polymerized stage.
10. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the lower Tg emulsion polymerized stage has a calculated Tg that is at least 60° C. lower than the calculated Tg of the higher Tg emulsion polymerized stage.
11. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the lower Tg emulsion polymerized stage relative to the higher Tg emulsion polymerized stage ranges from 20:80 to 70:30.
12. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition is not prepared using halogenated monomers.
13. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the monomers used to form at least one of the emulsion polymerized stages includes at least 85 wt. % of one or more (meth)acrylates.
14. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein two or more of the emulsion polymerized stages are formed from monomers having in the aggregate a calculated Tg of at least 50° C.
15. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous coating composition includes, based on total resin solids, at least 60 wt. % of the two or more emulsion polymerized stages.
16. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous coating composition includes, based on total resin solids, at least 70 wt. % of the two or more emulsion polymerized stages.
17. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein organic solvent constitutes at least 5% by weight of the aqueous carrier liquid of the coating composition.
18. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the emulsion polymerized stages is formed from monomers including a multi-ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
19. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition is substantially free of styrene and substituted styrene compounds.
20. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition does not contain any structural units derived from a bisphenol.
21. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous coating composition further comprises a phenoplast crosslinker.
22. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition, when spray applied onto an interior of a 355 mL no. 211 two-piece drawn and ironed aluminum beverage can at 115 milligrams per can coating weight and cured at 188° C. to 199° C. (measured at the can dome) for 55 seconds, is capable of passing a necking and flanging test as indicated by a change of metal exposure after necking of less than 1.0 mA.
23. An aqueous interior spray beverage container coating composition comprising a multi-stage polymeric latex having two or more emulsion polymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomer stages, wherein the latex has a lower Tg emulsion polymerized stage having a calculated Tg that is at least 40° C. lower than a calculated Tg of a higher Tg emulsion polymerized stage, wherein the coating composition includes, based on total resin solids, at least 70 wt. % of the two or more emulsion polymerized stages;
wherein the coating composition:
includes from 15 wt. % to 25 wt % of solids,
has a viscosity of from 20 to 80 seconds (Ford Cup #2, 25° C.),
is substantially free of each of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S,
is not prepared using halogenated monomers, and
includes or is derived from no more than 0.5 wt. % of acrylamide-type monomers, if any, based on the aggregate weight of polymerizable monomers employed to make the latex;
wherein the coating composition, when spray applied onto an interior of a 355 mL no. 211 two-piece drawn and ironed aluminum beverage can at 115 milligrams per can coating weight and cured at 188° C. to 199° C. (measured at the can dome) for 55 seconds exhibits:
(i) a global extraction result of less than 50 ppm,
(ii) a metal exposure of less than 3 mA on average when the can is filled with 1% NaCl in deionized water and tested pursuant to the Initial Metal Exposure test method disclosed herein,
(iii) a metal exposure of less than 3.5 mA when tested pursuant to the Metal Exposure after Drop Damage test disclosed herein, and
(iv) a measured Tg of at least 70° C.
24. The coating composition of claim 23 , wherein the coating composition, when spray applied onto an interior of a 355 mL no. 211 two-piece drawn and ironed aluminum beverage can at 115 milligrams per can coating weight and cured at 188° C. to 199° C. (measured at the can dome) for 55 seconds, is capable of passing a necking and flanging test as indicated by a change of metal exposure after necking of less than 1.0 mA.
25. The coating composition of claim 23 , wherein the weight ratio of the lower Tg emulsion polymerized stage relative to the higher Tg emulsion polymerized stage ranges from 25:75 to 48:52.
26. The coating composition of claim 23 , wherein organic solvent constitutes at least 10% by weight of the aqueous carrier liquid of the coating composition.
27. The coating composition of claim 23 , wherein at least one of the emulsion polymerized stages is formed from monomers including at least 80 wt. % of one or more of methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and butyl methacrylate.