SYSTEMS AND METHODS TO DETERMINE PARTITION COEFFICIENTS BETWEEN CRUDE OIL AND AN AQUEOUS PHASE

1 . A method, comprising:

injecting an aqueous solution comprising a first tracer into a first inlet of a microfluidic mixing device and injecting crude oil into a second inlet of the microfluidic mixing device;

mixing the aqueous solution and the crude oil in the microfluidic mixing device to form a mixture comprising the aqueous solution and the crude oil;

disposing the mixture in a separation tube comprising functionalized fibers;

using the separation tube to separate an aqueous phase of the mixture from a crude oil phase of the mixture;

using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system capable of detecting an optical parameter to measure the first tracer in the aqueous phase; and

using the measurement of the first tracer in the aqueous phase to determine a partition coefficient between the crude oil and the aqueous solution of the first tracer.

2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

constructing a calibration curve for the first tracer based on the optical parameter; and

using the calibration curve with the measurement of the first tracer in the aqueous phase to determine the partition coefficient between the crude oil and the aqueous solution of the first tracer.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous phase flows through the separation tube and the crude oil phase is retained in the separation tube due to the functionalized fibers.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized fibers comprise —C n H 2n+1 groups, where n=8-20.

5 . The method of claim 4 , the functionalized fibers comprise octadecyl groups.

6 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the functionalized fibers comprise glass wool fibers functionalized with the —C n H 2n+1 groups.

7 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to injecting the aqueous solution and the crude oil into the microfluidic mixing device, injecting the aqueous solution comprising the first tracer into the first inlet of the microfluidic mixing device.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the optical parameter comprises a member selected from the group consisting of UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence, a Raman signal, and an IR signal.

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the aqueous solution further comprises a second tracer; and

the method further comprises determining a partition coefficient between the crude oil and the aqueous solution of the second tracer.

10 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising, constructing a calibration curve for the second tracer based on the optical parameter.

11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution comprises a member selected from the group consisting of fresh water, seawater, and brine.

12 . A system comprising:

a microfluidic mixing chip comprising:

a first inlet;

a second inlet;

an outlet; and

an internal channel that provides fluid communication between the first inlet, the second inlet, and the outlet;

a separation tube comprising functionalized fibers; and

high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system capable of detecting an optical parameter,

wherein:

the outlet of the microfluidic mixing chip is in fluid communication with an inlet of the separation tube; and

an outlet of the separation tube is in fluid communication with an inlet of the high-performance liquid chromatograph system.

13 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the functionalized fiber comprises —C n H 2n+1 groups, where n=8-20.

14 . The system of claim 13 , the functionalized fibers comprise octadecyl groups.

15 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the functionalized fibers comprise glass wool functionalized with the —C n H 2n+1 groups.

16 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the optical parameter comprises a member selected from the group consisting of UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence, a Raman signal, and an IR signal.

17 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the system is configured so that, during use of the system, when an aqueous solution comprising a tracer is input into the first inlet and crude oil is input into the second inlet:

the microfluidic mixing chip mixes the aqueous solution and the crude oil to form a mixture comprising the aqueous solution and the crude oil;

the separation tube separates an aqueous phase of the mixture from a crude oil phase of the mixture; and

the HPLC system measures the tracer in the aqueous phase.

18 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the separation tube has a length of from 50 mm to 500 mm.

19 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the separation tube has a diameter of from 1 mm to 5 mm.

20 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the separation tube comprises a tube comprising a member selected from the group consisting of borosilicate glass and polyether ether ketone.