Multi-level power converter with improved clamping functionality
In order to provide an improved method for operating a multi-level power converter, a lower threshold value, an upper threshold value above the lower threshold value, and an inflection value between the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value are determined, and in the event that a predefined time signal of a target output voltage passes the inflection value at a first inflection time point, passes the inflection value a further time at a second inflection time point subsequent to the first inflection time point and, between the first inflection time point and the second inflection time point, passes neither the lower threshold value nor the upper threshold value nor the inflection value, a clamping mode of the multi-level power converter is activated as of the second inflection time point.
1 . A method for operating a multi-level power converter, wherein a temporal sequence of at least three voltage levels which can be output at an output of the multi-level power converter is determined from a predefined time signal of a target output voltage and is output at the output of the multi-level power converter by switching a plurality of semiconductor switches of the multi-level power converter, wherein a lower threshold value, an upper threshold value above the lower threshold value, and an inflection value between the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value are determined, wherein, in the event that the predefined time signal of the target output voltage passes the inflection value at a first inflection time point, passes the inflection value a further time at a second inflection time point subsequent to the first inflection time point and, between the first inflection time point and the second inflection time point, passes neither the lower threshold value nor the upper threshold value nor the inflection value, a clamping mode (CM) of the multi-level power converter is activated as of the second inflection time point, and wherein, in the clamping mode (CM) of the multi-level power converter, the inflection value is used instead of the time signal of the target output voltage to determine the sequence of the at least three voltage levels which is output at the output of the multi-level power converter by switching the plurality of semiconductor switches.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the clamping mode (CM) is deactivated and the predefined time signal of the target output voltage is used again in order to determine the sequence of the at least three voltage levels which is output at the output of the multi-level power converter when the predefined time signal of the target output voltage passes the inflection value a further time after the second inflection time point or when the predefined time signal of the target output voltage passes the lower threshold value or the upper threshold value after the second inflection time point.
3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the predefined time signal of the target output voltage is used to determine the sequence of the at least three voltage levels which is output at the output of the multi-level power converter when the target output voltage is below the lower threshold value or above the upper threshold value.
4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein, at a current point in time during operation of the multi-level power converter, the clamping mode (CM) is activated and the inflection value is used to determine the sequence of the at least three voltage levels of the multi-level power converter which is output by the switching of the plurality of semiconductor switches at the output of the multi-level power converter if a number of inflection time points between the current point in time and the last point in time at which the target output voltage was greater than the upper threshold value or less than the lower threshold value is even-numbered.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the inflection value corresponds to the value zero.
6 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the inflection value is selected as an arithmetic mean between the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value.
7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the inflection value is realized by a first zero switching pattern of the plurality of semiconductor switches of the multi-level power converter, and by a second zero switching pattern of the plurality of semiconductor switches of the multi-level power converter.
8 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the first zero switching pattern is used to output the inflection value if a target output voltage, instead of which the inflection value is used to determine an output sequence of the at least three voltage levels, is above the inflection value, and wherein the second zero switching pattern is used to output the inflection value if the target output voltage, instead of which the inflection value is used to determine the output sequence of the at least three voltage levels, is below the inflection value.
9 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein a method for pulse-width modulation (PWM) or a method for pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) is used to determine the temporal sequence of the at least three voltage levels of the multi-level power converter which can be output at the output of the multi-level power converter.
10 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein a state machine with at least four states a, b, c, d is provided, wherein state a is activated when a negative target output voltage below the lower threshold value is present, wherein state b is activated when a positive target output voltage above the upper threshold value is present, wherein state c is activated when the negative state a is exited by the target output voltage reaching or passing the inflection value, and wherein state d is activated when the positive state b is exited by the target output voltage reaching or passing the inflection value, and wherein the clamping mode (CM) is activated and the predefined target output voltage is replaced by the inflection value when the target output voltage passes the inflection value a further time within the states c or d.
11 . A multi-level power converter comprising a control unit, an input, an output, and a plurality of semiconductor switches, wherein the control unit is designed to determine, from a predefined time signal of a target output voltage, a temporal sequence of at least three voltage levels which can be output at an output of the multi-level power converter, and to control the plurality of semiconductor switches of the multi-level power converter as a function of the determined sequence of voltage levels in order to output the determined sequence of voltage levels at the output of the multi-level power converter, wherein a lower threshold value, an upper threshold value above the lower threshold value, and an inflection value between the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value are stored in the control unit, wherein the control unit is designed to, in the event that the predefined time signal of the target output voltage passes the inflection value at a first inflection time point, passes the inflection value a further time at a second inflection time point subsequent to the first inflection time point and, between the first inflection time point and the second inflection time point, passes neither the lower threshold value nor the upper threshold value nor the inflection value, activate a clamping mode (CM) of the multi-level power converter as of the second inflection time point, wherein the control unit is designed to, in the clamping mode (CM) of the multi-level power converter, use the inflection value instead of the time signal of the target output voltage to determine the sequence of the at least three voltage levels which is output by the switching of the plurality of semiconductor switches at the output of the multi-level power converter.
12 . The multi-level power converter ( 1 ) according to claim 11 , wherein a state machine with at least four states a, b, c, d is provided in the control unit, wherein the control unit is designed to activate state a when a negative target output voltage below the lower threshold value is present, wherein the control unit is designed to activate state b when a positive target output voltage above the upper threshold value is present, wherein the control unit is designed to activate state c when the negative state a is exited by the target output voltage reaching or passing the inflection value, wherein the control unit is designed to activate state d when the positive state b is exited by the target output voltage reaching or passing the inflection value, and wherein the control unit is designed to activate the clamping mode (CM) and to replace the predefined target output voltage with the inflection value if the target output voltage passes the inflection value a further time within the states c or d.