Synergistic effects of nanoparticles and surfactants for gas lift flow improvement
Compositions of nanoparticles and surfactants for enhanced gas lift through increased foaming heights and foam stability are disclosed. More specifically, synergistic combination of nanoparticles, including amine functionalized colloidal nanoparticles and surfactants, provides enhanced gas lift and increased oil production are disclosed. Methods of using are also disclosed.
1 . A gas lift flow improving composition comprising:
a functionalized nanoparticle, wherein the functionalized nanoparticle has an average particle size from about 1 nm to about 1000 nm, and
has a core-shell nanoparticle morphology comprising a trialkoxyorganosilane coated nanoparticle core and an amine functionalized group on the surface of the nanoparticle as a shell,
wherein the trialkoxyorganosilane is an epoxy functional silane, hydroxylic hydrophilic silane, hydroxyl functional silane, or thiol functional silane,
wherein the amine functionalized group is covalently bonded to the trialkoxyorganosilane coated nanoparticle, and
wherein the molar ratio of the 1 rialkoxyorganosilane to the amine-functionalized silane is about 1 :1 to about 100:1, and the mass ratio of the trialkoxyorganosilane coated nanoparticle core to the amine-functionalized silane on the trialkoxyorganosilane is about 1:1 to about 100:1;
a foaming surfactant comprising an amphoteric surfactant; and
wherein the gas lift flow improving composition is dispersed in an aqueous medium.
2 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein ratio of the functionalized nanoparticle to the foaming surfactant is about 1:1 to about 1:100 on an actives (ppm) basis.
3 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the foaming surfactant comprises an amphoteric alkyl betaine.
4 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous medium comprises a coupler and/or a solvent.
5 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle has an average particle size from about 1 nm to about 500 nm and wherein the nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of silica and metal-based nanoparticles.
6 . The composition of claim 5 , wherein the silica is selected from the group consisting of colloidal silica, nanosilica, silicate nanoparticle, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticle, and silicon dioxide nanoparticle dispersion.
7 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the trialkoxyorganosilane comprises one or more of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)propyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4epoxycyclohexyl)propyltriethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)methyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4epoxycyclohexyl)methyltriethoxysilane, [(3-ethyl-3 oxethanyl)methoxy]propyltrimethoxysilane, or [(3-ethyl-3-oxethanyl)methoxy]propyltriethoxysilane.
8 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amine functionalized group is provided by an amine-functionalized silane according to formula I or II,
wherein:
R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are independently -OMCH 3 , —OH,-CH 3 , or-Cl and wherein M is absent, —(CH 2 ) m —, or —(CH 2 Y) n —, wherein m is an integer from 1 to 5, n is an integer from 1 to 5, wherein Y is O, N, or S; and
R 4 is —CH 2 , or a substituted or an unsubstituted, linear or branched C2-C20 alkyl group, or —(Ar)—;
R 5 is absent or H; and
R 6 is —CH 3 , a substituted or an unsubstituted, linear or branched C2-C20 alkyl group or a primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary alkyl amine, —(Ar)—, ═(CNH 2 NH 2 ), —((CH 2 ) o NH 2 ), —((CH 2 ) o NH(CH 3 ), —((CH 2 ) o NH(CH 2 ) p NH 2 ), —((CH 2 ) 0 NH(CH 2 ) p Ar), wherein o and p are independently integers from 1 to 15.
9 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized nanoparticle is a reaction product obtained by a first step of coating a nanoparticle with a trialkoxyorganosilane and thereafter covalently bonding an amine-functionalized silane to the surface of the coated nanoparticle.
10 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized nanoparticle comprises from about 20-80 wt-% of the composition, wherein the foaming surfactant comprises from about 10-60 wt-% of the composition, and wherein the aqueous medium comprises from about 10-30 wt-% of the composition.
11 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a corrosion inhibitor, scale inhibitor, or combinations thereof.