Systems and methods for hydrogen production from an underground formation
The disclosure relates to systems and methods for hydrogen production from an underground formation by providing heat to a first set of fractures to convert a hydrocarbon (e.g., methane, ethane, propane) present in the underground formation into hydrogen and producing the hydrogen from a second set of fractures.
1 . A method, comprising:
a) forming a first set of fractures in an underground formation and a second set of fractures in the underground formation by injecting a mixture comprising a proppant and a catalyst into a wellbore in the underground formation, the first set of fractures being different from the second set of fractures, the first set of fractures comprising a hydrocarbon;
b) after a), heating the first set of fractures, thereby converting at least a portion of the hydrocarbon present in the first set of fractures into hydrogen, wherein the first set of fractures is heated by injecting a mixture comprising oxygen and methane into the underground formation and combusting the mixture, wherein the methane and oxygen are injected in a ratio of at least 1:2;
c) after b), allowing at least a portion of the hydrogen to enter the second set of fractures; and
d) after c), producing a stream from a production tube, the stream passing from the second set of fractures then to the production tube, the stream comprising the hydrogen from the second set of fractures.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a catalyst is in the first set of fractures, and the catalyst is used to convert the hydrocarbon into hydrogen.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first set of fractures is further heated by injecting steam into the underground formation.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first set of fractures is further heated by a member selected from the group consisting of an electrical downhole heater and an electromagnetic downhole heater.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first set of fractures is heated to a temperature of from 300° C. to 700° C.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the stream further comprises a gaseous impurity, and the method further comprises separating the gaseous impurity from the hydrogen.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the gaseous impurity comprises a gas selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide, and the method further comprises:
separating the gaseous impurity from the hydrogen; and
injecting the gaseous impurity into the underground formation.
8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising, after a) but before b), disposing packers into the wellbore,
wherein the packers prevent fluid communication between the first set of fractures and the second set of fractures.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first set of fractures and the second set of fractures alternate in the underground formation.
10 . A system, comprising:
an injection tube extending into an underground formation, the injection tube comprising perforations so that an interior of the injection tube is in fluid communication with a first set of fractures in the underground formation;
a heat source configured to heat the first set of fractures to convert a hydrocarbon present in the first set of fractures into hydrogen, wherein the first set of fractures is heated by injecting a mixture comprising oxygen and methane into the underground formation and combusting the mixture, wherein the methane and oxygen are injected in a ratio of at least 1:2;
a production tube extending into the underground formation, the production tube comprising perforations so that an interior of the production tube is in fluid communication with a second set of fractures different from the first set of fractures, the production tube configured to produce a stream, the stream passing from the second set of fractures to the production tube via the perforations in the production tube, the stream comprising hydrogen from the second set of fractures that passed from the first set of fractures to the second set of fractures; and
packers configured to prevent fluid communication between the first set of fractures and the second set of fractures.
11 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the system comprises a wellbore in the underground formation, and the wellbore comprises the injection tube and the production tube.
12 . The system of claim 10 , wherein:
the system comprises a first wellbore in the underground formation and a second wellbore in the underground formation;
the first wellbore comprises the injection tube; and
the second wellbore comprises the production tube.
13 . The system of claim 10 , wherein a catalyst is disposed in the first set of fractures and the second set of fractures.
14 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the heat source further comprises steam, and the system is configured so that the steam enters the first set of fractures via the perforations in the injection tube.
15 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the injection tube is configured to inject a mixture comprising oxygen and methane into the first set of fractures via the perforations in the injection tube, and the heat source comprises heat generated from combustion of the mixture.
16 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the heat source further comprises a member selected from the group consisting of an electrical downhole heater and an electromagnetic downhole heater.
17 . The system of claim 10 , wherein:
the production tube produces at least one second gas selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide along with the hydrogen; and
the injection tube is configured to reinject the at least one second gas into the underground formation.
18 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the first set of fractures and the second set of fractures alternate in the underground formation.