Solubilized avobenzone fusing agents
A fusing agent for three-dimensional printing can include from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt % water; from about 4 wt % to about 60 wt % C7 to C12 aliphatic ester cosolvent; and from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % solubilized avobenzone.
1 . A fusing agent for three-dimensional printing, comprising:
from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt % water;
from about 4 wt % to about 60 wt % C7 to C12 aliphatic ester cosolvent; and
from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % solubilized avobenzone.
2 . The fusing agent of claim 1 , wherein the fusing agent has a peak absorption from about 345 nm to about 415 nm, and wherein the fusing agent has an absorbance from about 0.2 to about 2 at the peak absorption.
3 . The fusing agent of claim 1 , including from about 65 wt % to about 92 wt % organic cosolvent which includes the C7 to C12 aliphatic ester cosolvent.
4 . The fusing agent of claim 1 , wherein the C7 to C12 aliphatic ester cosolvent includes ethyl hexanoate, octyl acetate, ethyl octanoate, decyl acetate, ethyl decanoate, or a combination thereof.
5 . A three-dimensional printing kit, comprising:
the fusing agent of claim 1 ; and
a build material including from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % polymeric particles.
6 . The three-dimensional printing kit of claim 5 , wherein the polymeric particles are white, have a D50 particle size from about 10 μm to about 150 μm, and are selected from polyacetals, polyacrylates, polybutylene terephthalates, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyether ketones, polyethylene terephthalates, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polystyrenes, polyamides, thermoplastic polyamide elastomers, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.
7 . The three-dimensional printing kit of claim 5 , further comprising a secondary fluid agent, the secondary fluid agent including coloring agent comprising a liquid vehicle and a colorant, a detailing agent comprising a detailing compound that reduces a temperature of the build material onto which the detailing agent is applied, a plasticizing agent, a pore-promoting agent, or a combination of secondary fluid agents thereof.
8 . A method of making a fusing agent for three-dimensional printing, comprising:
dissolving avobenzone in C7 to C12 aliphatic ester cosolvent at a weight ratio of about 1:8 to about 1:20 to form an avobenzone organic solution; and
admixing additional organic cosolvent and water with the avobenzone organic solution to form a fusing agent, wherein the fusing agent includes from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of solubilized avobenzone.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein admixing further includes admixing surfactant therein.
10 . The method of claim 8 , wherein some or all of the additional organic cosolvent is added to the avobenzone organic solution prior to the addition of the water.
11 . A method of three-dimensional printing, comprising:
iteratively applying individual build material layers of a polymer build material including from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % polymeric particles;
based on a three-dimensional object model, iteratively and selectively dispensing a fusing agent onto the individual build material layers, wherein the fusing agent includes from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % solubilized avobenzone; and
iteratively exposing the powder bed to ultraviolet light energy for a time duration of about 0.1 second to about 10 seconds to selectively fuse the polymeric particles in contact with the solubilized avobenzone at the individual build material layers resulting in a fused three-dimensional object.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the polymeric particles are white, and wherein the fused three-dimensional object is white, translucent, or transparent.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the polymeric particles are white, wherein based on the three-dimensional object model, the method further includes iteratively applying a coloring agent comprising a liquid vehicle and a colorant, and wherein the fused three-dimensional object is colored by the coloring agent.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the ultraviolet light energy includes light energy with a peak wavelength from about 345 nm to about 415 nm with shoulder light energy within the ultraviolet range.
15 . A fused three-dimensional object prepared by the method of claim 11 , comprising multiple fused polymeric layers that are fused to one another, wherein individual fused polymeric layers include a composite of fused polymer of the polymeric particles and residual avobenzone dispersed therein at a weight ratio from about 1000:1 to about 20:1.