LOUDSPEAKERS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

1 . A loudspeaker comprising:

(a) a sealed enclosure;

(b) a sound panel mechanically connected to the sealed enclosure;

(c) a moveable armature mechanically connected to the sound panel comprising an actuator operable to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy;

(d) a plurality of ferromagnetic elements mechanically connected to the moveable armature; and

(e) a variable volume device placed within the sealed enclosure that is operable to change resonant frequency of the speaker.

2 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 , wherein the variable volume device is a variable air volume device that is operable to increase or decrease air spring stiffness of the sealed enclosure.

3 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 , wherein the variable volume device comprises a bellow.

4 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 , wherein the variable volume device is an electrically operated variable volume device.

5 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 , wherein the variable volume device is operable to create a temporary positive pressure within the sealed enclosure.

6 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 , wherein the variable volume device is operable to create a temporary negative pressure within the sealed enclosure.

7 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 , wherein the variable volume device comprises:

(a) a first valve having an inlet,

(b) a second valve having an outlet,

(c) a pump flowably connected to the first valve and the second valve,

(d) a conduit to outside the sealed enclosure, wherein the conduit is flowably connected to the first and second valve, and

(e) an electronic switch operable to operate the pump, the first valve, and the second valve, wherein

(i) the operation of the pump permits the flow of air through the variable volume device such that

(A) the air flows from the first valve to the pump, and

(B) the air flows from the pump to the second valve,

(ii) the operation of the electronic switch provides for the first valve and the second value to be set in a positive pressure setting in which air pressure is increased in the sealed enclosure, wherein, when the pump is flowing the air,

(A) when the first valve is in the positive pressure setting, the first valve (I) does not permit the flow of air through the inlet, and (II) does permit the flow of air from outside the sealed enclosure, through the conduit, and to the first valve, and

(B) when the second valve is in the positive pressure setting, the first valve (I) does not permit the flow of air between the outside of the sealed enclosure and the second valve through the conduit, and (II) does permit the flow of air from the second valve, through the outlet, and to the sealed enclosure, and

(iii) the operation of the electronic switch provides for the first valve and the second value to be set in a negative pressure setting in which air pressure is decreased in the sealed enclosure, wherein, when the pump is flowing the air,

(A) when the first valve is in the negative pressure setting, the first valve (I) does permit the flow of air from the sealed enclosure, through the inlet, and to the first valve, and (II) does not permit the flow of air between the outside the sealed enclosure and the first valve through the conduit, and

(B) when the second valve is in the negative pressure setting, the first valve (I) does permit the flow of air from the second valve, through the conduit, to the outside of the sealed enclosure, and (II) does not permit the flow of air through the outlet.

8 . The loudspeaker of claim 7 , wherein the electronic switch is operable to switch the first valve and second valve between the positive pressure settings and the negative pressure settings by reversing polarity of the switch.

9 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 further comprising a position sensor operable for sensing the position of the sound panel.

10 - 12 . (canceled)

13 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 further comprising an electronic controller.

14 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 further comprising a position sensor and an electronic controller.

15 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 , wherein the variable volume device comprises an electric motor that is operable to change the volume of the variable volume device.

16 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 further comprising a position sensor, an electronic controller, and an electric motor that is operable to change the volume of the variable volume device.

17 . The loudspeaker of claim 16 , wherein the electric motor is powered by the electronic controller in response to the location of the sound panel as measured by the position sensor.

18 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is a voice coil.

19 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of ferromagnetic elements are operable for creating a first magnetic force when the sound panel moves away from the sealed enclosure and a second magnetic force with the sound panel moves toward the sealed enclosure.

20 . The loudspeaker of claim 19 , wherein the first magnetic force and second magnetic force are oppositely directed.

21 - 27 . (canceled)

28 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 , wherein the variable volume device comprises a linear actuator.

29 . The loudspeaker of claim 28 , wherein the variable volume device comprises a lead screw.

30 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 , wherein the variable volume device comprises a linear actuator that can vary the volume of a bellows.

31 - 32 . (canceled)

33 . The loudspeaker of claim 13 , wherein the electronic controller is operable for analyzing a song file to determine the amplitude, frequency, and prevalence of the musical notes within the song file.

34 . The loudspeaker of claim 33 , wherein the electronic controller is operable for computing the determined target volume of the variable volume device and for sending a signal to the variable volume device to adjust the volume of the variable volume device so that it is near the determined target volume.

35 . The loudspeaker of claim 34 , wherein the determined target volume is the volume that minimizes the average power consumption of the actuator.

36 . (canceled)

37 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 further comprising a pneumatic valve that pneumatically connects the air within the sealed enclosure with the air outside of the sealed enclosure.

38 - 39 . (canceled)

40 . The loudspeaker of claim 1 , wherein the loudspeaker further comprises a magnetic negative spring (MNS), wherein the MNS comprises:

(a) the plurality of ferromagnetic elements mechanically connected to the moveable armature; and

(b) a stationary core assembly comprising a plurality of stationary ferromagnetic elements.

41 . The loudspeaker of claim 40 , wherein the MNS is a reluctance assistance driver (RAD).

42 - 54 . (canceled)

55 . A loudspeaker comprising:

(a) a sealed enclosure;

(b) a sound panel mechanically connected to the sealed enclosure;

(c) a moveable armature mechanically connected to the sound panel comprising an actuator operable to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy;

(d) a pump-valve operable to change the air pressure within the sealed enclosure to change resonant frequency of the loudspeaker;

(e) a position sensor; and

(f) an electronic controller electrically connected to the position sensor and pump-valve that is operable to move the armature near its centered position.

56 . (canceled)

57 . A loudspeaker comprising:

(a) a sealed enclosure;

(b) a sound panel mechanically connected to the sealed enclosure;

(c) a moveable armature mechanically connected to the sound panel comprising an actuator operable to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy; and

(d) a magnetic negative spring (MNS) comprising (A) a plurality of ferromagnetic elements mechanically connected to the moveable armature, and (B) a stationary core assembly comprising a plurality of stationary ferromagnetic elements; wherein

(i) the sealed enclosure comprises a sealed enclosure boundary on a side opposite the sound panel; and

(ii) the sealed enclosure boundary is anchored to the stationary core assembly; and

(e) a variable volume device placed within the sealed enclosure that is operable to change resonant frequency of the loudspeaker.

58 . (canceled)