PEROVSKITES
The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a perovskite that includes a halogen, and a capture compound, where the capture compound is capable of forming a complex with at least one of the halogen and/or an anionic form of the halogen. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the perovskite may have a 3D crystal structure that includes a first cation, A, a second cation, B, and a halide X. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the capture compound may be a third cation, A′, where the 3D crystal structure may have the chemical structure of of A x A′ (1-x) BX 3 , where 0≤x≤1.
1 . A composition comprising:
a perovskite comprising a halogen, and
a capture compound, wherein:
the capture compound is capable of forming a complex with at least one of the halogen or an anionic form of the halogen.
2 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the perovskite has a 3D crystal structure comprising:
a first cation, A,
a second cation, B, and
a halide X.
3 . The composition of claim 2 , wherein:
the capture compound comprises a third cation, A′, and
the 3D crystal structure comprises A x A′ (1-x) BX 3 , where 0≤x≤1.
4 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the third cation has a molecular radius between 2.000 Å and 2.900 Å.
5 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the third cation comprises at least one of a thione group, a selenone group, a selenophene moiety, or a thiophene moiety.
6 . The composition of claim 5 , wherein the capture compound comprises at least one of protonated thiourea (TUH + ), protonated urea, protonated thioacetamide, protonated selenourea, protonated thiophene, protonated selenophene, or any one or more of their derivatives.
7 . The composition of claim 2 , wherein the first cation comprises at least one of methyl ammonium (MA), dimethyl ammonium, ethyl ammonium, formamidinium (FA), cesium, guanidinium, benzylammonium, or phenethylammonium.
8 . The composition of claim 2 , wherein the second cation comprises at least one of lead or tin.
9 . The composition of claim 2 , wherein the halogen comprises at least one of iodide, chloride, or bromide.
10 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein:
the perovskite comprises Cs z FA y MA x TUH + (1-x-y-z) Pb 1-m Sn m I 3-z Br z ,
each of x, y, and m are between zero and one, inclusively, and z is between zero and three, inclusively, and (1−x−y−z) is greater than zero.
11 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the capture compound comprises at least one of a thione group, a selenone group, a selenophene moiety, or a thiophene moiety, a porous organic polymer (POP), a metal organic framework (MOF), a covalent organic framework, an ionic liquid, a metal oxide, or an activated carbon.
12 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein:
at least a portion of the perovskite is in the form of a plurality of grains,
each grain is surrounded by a grain boundary, and
at least a portion of the capture compound is positioned within the grain boundary.
13 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite is in the form of a layer.
14 . The composition of claim 13 , wherein:
the capture compound is in the form of the layer, and
the capture compound layer is positioned adjacent to and in physical contact with the perovskite layer.
15 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite comprises at least one of 3D perovskite, a 2D perovskite, a 1D perovskite, or a 0D perovskite.