ACTIVATABLE TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE INDICATOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME
Formulations to support activatable visual indicator platforms is disclosed herein. An example formulation to support activatable visual indicator platforms includes an activatable temperature exposure indicator having a response temperature, including a substrate, a wick physically coupled to or contained in the substrate, an indicator region, on or adjacent to a first end of the wick, and a bonding material containing a plurality of microcapsules disposed on or adjacent to a second end of the wick, opposite the first end.
1 . An activatable temperature exposure indicator having a response temperature, comprising:
a substrate;
a wick physically coupled to or contained in the substrate;
an indicator region, on or adjacent to a first end of the wick; and
a bonding material containing a plurality of microcapsules disposed on or adjacent to a second end of the wick, opposite the first end;
wherein the bonding material has a liquefaction temperature higher than the response temperature,
wherein each microcapsule of the plurality of microcapsules contains an indicator material microencapsulated in an activatable shell,
wherein the indicator material is configured to liquefy responsive to exposure to a temperature at or above the response temperature,
wherein the activatable shells are configured to contain the indicator material when liquefied,
wherein the activatable shells are configured to rupture in response to an application of an activation action exceeding a predetermined activation threshold, releasing the indicator material,
wherein the indicator material is configured to permeate pores of the wick and migrate along the wick into the indicator region when liquefied and released from the microcapsules, producing an observable change in the indicator region,
wherein the bonding material couples the microcapsules to the wick without filling pores of the wick, and
wherein the bonding material facilitates migration of liquefied indicator material into the wick, and blocks migration of the microcapsules into the wick.
2 . The activatable temperature exposure indicator of claim 1 , wherein the wick and the bonding material containing the microcapsules are laminated between the substrate and a sealing layer.
3 - 6 . (canceled)
7 . The activatable temperature exposure indicator of claim 1 , wherein the observable change is a change in a color state selected from a group consisting of: a change of reflectivity, a change in transparency, a change in hue, a change in chroma, a change in apparent color, and combinations thereof.
8 . The activatable temperature exposure indicator of claim 1 , wherein the observable change is a change in an electrical property selected from a group consisting of: a change in conductivity, a change in resistance, a change in impedance, a change in capacitance, and combinations thereof.
9 . The activatable temperature exposure indicator of claim 1 , wherein the activation action is a compressive stress and the predetermined activation threshold is selected from a group consisting of: a stress exceeding 0.1 psi a stress exceeding 0.5 psi, a stress exceeding 1 psi, a stress exceeding 2 psi, a stress exceeding 5 psi, a stress exceeding 10 psi, and a stress exceeding 15 psi.
10 . The activatable temperature exposure indicator of claim 1 , wherein the activation action is a shear stress and the predetermined activation threshold is selected from a group consisting of: a stress exceeding 0.1 psi a stress exceeding 0.5 psi, a stress exceeding 1 psi, a stress exceeding 2 psi, a stress exceeding 5 psi, a stress exceeding 10 psi, and a stress exceeding 15 psi.
11 . The activatable temperature exposure indicator of claim 1 , wherein the activation action is a thermal stress combined with a compression stress or shear stress, the thermal stress configured to reduce the predetermined activation threshold of the compression stress or the shear stress.
12 . The activatable temperature exposure indicator of claim 1 , wherein the bonding material comprises a material selected from a group consisting of: a polymer having side-chain crystallinity, polymeric materials, an alkane, a wax, an alkane wax, and combinations thereof.
13 . The activatable temperature exposure indicator of claim 1 , wherein the indicator material is selected from a group consisting of a polymer having side-chain crystallinity, polymeric materials, an alkane, a wax, an alkane wax, dyes, leuco dyes, chemical pigments, particles containing copper, particles containing silver, particles containing graphite, particles containing conductive metals, particles containing conductive non-metal materials, and combinations thereof.
14 . The activatable temperature exposure indicator of claim 1 , wherein the activatable shells comprise a material selected from a group consisting of: a protein, a gel, a polyurea formaldehyde, a polymelamine formaldehyde, a wax material, an emulsion, and combinations thereof.
15 . The activatable temperature exposure indicator of claim 1 , wherein the response temperature is defined within a range bounded by −15 degrees Celsius (C) and 100 35 degrees C.
16 . The activatable temperature exposure indicator of claim 1 , wherein the liquefaction temperature of the bonding material is greater than the response temperature of the activatable temperature exposure indicator.
17 . The activatable temperature exposure indicator of claim 1 , wherein the liquefaction temperature of the bonding material is defined within a range bounded by 40 degrees Celsius (C) and 110 115 degrees C.
18 . (canceled)
19 . A method of making an activatable temperature exposure indicator, comprising:
placing a wick on a substrate; and
dispensing a bonding material proximately to a wick;
wherein a plurality of microcapsules is dispersed within the bonding material, each microcapsule including an indicator material contained within an activatable shell,
wherein the bonding material containing the microcapsules is dispensed at a dispensation temperature above a liquefaction temperature of the bonding material, such that the bonding material is dispensed in a liquid phase,
wherein the bonding material containing the microcapsules transitions out of the liquid phase after being dispensed and contacting the wick,
wherein the bonding material couples the microcapsules to the wick without filling pores of the wick, and
wherein the bonding material blocks migration of the microcapsules into the wick.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the liquefaction temperature of the bonding material is greater than a response temperature of the indicator material and defined within a range bounded by 40 degrees C. and 120 degrees C.
21 . (canceled)
22 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the bonding material comprises a material selected from a group consisting of: a polymer having side-chain crystallinity, polymeric materials, an alkane, a wax, an alkane wax, and combinations thereof.
23 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the indicator material is configured to liquefy responsive to an exposure to a temperature above a predetermined response temperature defined within a range bounded by −15 degrees Celsius (C) and 100 degrees C.
24 . The method of claim 23 , wherein the activatable shells are configured to contain the indicator material when liquefied.
25 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the activatable shells are configured to rupture in response to an application of an activation action exceeding a predetermined activation threshold, releasing the indicator material.
26 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the indicator material is configured to permeate pores of the wick and migrate along the wick into an indicator region when liquefied and released from the microcapsules, producing an observable change in the indicator region.
27 - 28 . (canceled)
29 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the indicator material is selected from a group consisting of: a polymer having side-chain crystallinity, polymeric materials, an alkane, a wax, an alkane wax, dyes, leuco dyes, chemical pigments, particles containing copper, particles containing silver, particles containing graphite, particles containing conductive metals, particles containing conductive non-metal materials, and combinations thereof.
30 - 31 . (canceled)
32 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the wick comprises a laminate layer and a wicking material, and the method further comprising:
cutting a laminated sheet of the laminate layer and the wicking material into a plurality of wicks;
picking the wick from the plurality of wicks using a pick and place device; and
placing the wick of the plurality of wicks onto the substrate using the pick and place device.
33 - 38 . (canceled)
39 . An activatable environmental exposure indicator having a response condition, comprising:
a substrate;
a wick physically coupled to or contained in the substrate;
an indicator region, on or adjacent to a first end of the wick; and
a bonding material containing a plurality of microcapsules disposed on or adjacent to a second end of the wick, opposite the first end;
wherein each microcapsule of the plurality of microcapsules contains an indicator material microencapsulated in an activatable shell,
wherein the indicator material is configured to liquefy responsive to exposure to the response condition,
wherein the activatable shells are configured to contain the indicator material when the liquefied,
wherein the activatable shells are configured to rupture in response to an application of an activation action exceeding a predetermined activation threshold, releasing the indicator material,
wherein the indicator material is configured to permeate pores of the wick and migrate along the wick into the indicator region when liquefied and released from the microcapsules, producing an observable change in the indicator region,
wherein the bonding material couples the microcapsules to the wick without filling pores of the wick, and
wherein the bonding material facilitates migration of liquefied indicator material into the wick, and blocks migration of the microcapsules into the wick.
40 . The activatable environmental exposure indicator of claim 39 , wherein the response condition is selected from a group consisting of: a temperature excursion above a predetermined temperature, a temperature excursion above a predetermined temperature threshold for at least a predetermined amount of time, a temperature excursion below a predetermined temperature, a temperature excursion below a predetermined temperature for at least a predetermined amount of time, cumulative exposure to temperature over a time period above a predetermined threshold for at least a predetermined amount of time, an exposure to a particular chemical, an oxygen exposure, an ammonia exposure, an exposure to a particular chemical above a threshold concentration, an exposure to a particular chemical above the threshold concentration for at least a predetermined amount of time, an exposure to at least a predetermined amount of radiation of a particular type, an predetermined electromagnetic exposure, a humidity exposure, an exposure to a humidity level above a predetermined threshold, and an exposure to a humidity level above a predetermined threshold for at least a predetermined amount of time.