IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,435,927
Granted Patent B2
US 12,435,927 · App. 18/750,365 · Granted Oct 7, 2025

Heat exchanger system with machine-learning based optimization

Inventors: Yohann Lilian Rousselet (Baltimore, MD); Ellie M. Litwack (Columbia, MD)
Assignee: Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc.
F28C1/14F24F11/70F28D5/00F28F27/003G05B13/0265G05B13/042F24F2140/60G05B2219/2639G05B2219/31264
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,435,927
App. No.
18/750,365
Granted
Oct 7, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

In one aspect, a heat exchanger system is provided that includes a cooling system and a sensor configured to detect a variable of the cooling system. The heat exchanger system includes processor circuitry configured to provide the variable and a plurality of potential operating parameters of the cooling system to a machine learning model representative of the cooling system to estimate at least one of energy consumption, water usage, and chemical usage for the potential operating parameters. The processor circuitry is further configured to determine, based at least in part on the estimated at least one of energy consumption, water usage, and chemical consumption, for the potential operating parameters, an optimal operating parameter of the cooling system to satisfy a target optimization criterion.

Claims (163)

1. A method of operating a cooling system comprising a plurality of cooling system apparatuses including a heat generating apparatus configured to transfer heat to a process fluid and a heat rejection apparatus configured to remove heat from the process fluid, the method comprising:

receiving an operating variable of the cooling system detected via a sensor of the cooling system;

providing the operating variable and a plurality of potential operating parameters to a machine learning model representative of the cooling system to estimate at least one of energy consumption, water usage, and chemical usage for each of the potential operating parameters;

wherein the potential operating parameters include a potential operating mode parameter indicative of whether at least one of the cooling system apparatuses is on or off;

determining, based at least in part on the estimated at least one of energy consumption, water usage, and chemical usage for the potential operating parameters, an optimal operating parameter of the cooling system to satisfy a target optimization criterion, wherein the optimal operating parameter includes an optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses is on or off; and

effecting utilization of the optimal operating parameter by the cooling system including configuring the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses to be on or off according to the optimal operating mode parameter.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses being off; and

wherein effecting utilization of the optimal operating parameter includes configuring the at least one of the cooling systems apparatuses to be off.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the potential operating mode parameter is indicative of whether individual ones of the cooling system apparatuses are on or off;

wherein the optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of whether the individual ones of the cooling system apparatuses are on or off; and

wherein effecting utilization of the optimal operating parameter includes configuring the individual ones of the cooling system apparatuses to be on or off according to the optimal operating mode parameter.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat rejection apparatus comprises a plurality of heat rejection apparatuses;

wherein the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses comprises the plurality of heat rejection apparatuses;

wherein the potential operating mode parameter is indicative of whether each of the heat rejection apparatuses is on or off;

wherein the optimal operating parameter includes an optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether each of the heat rejection apparatuses is on or off; and

wherein effecting utilization of the optimal operating parameter by the cooling system includes configuring each of the heat rejection apparatuses to be on or off according to the optimal operating mode parameter.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat rejection apparatus comprises a first heat rejection apparatus and a second heat rejection apparatus;

wherein the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses comprises the first heat rejection apparatus and the second heat rejection apparatus;

wherein the potential operating mode parameter includes:

a first potential operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first heat rejection apparatus is on or off;

a second potential operating mode parameter indicative of whether the second heat rejection apparatus is on or off;

wherein the optimal operating parameter includes:

a first optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first heat rejection apparatus is on or off;

a second optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first heat rejection apparatus is on or off;

wherein effecting utilization of the optimal operating parameter by the cooling system includes configuring the first and second heat rejection apparatuses to be on or off according to the first and second optimal operating mode parameters.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the first optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the first heat rejection apparatus being on; and

wherein the second optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the second heat rejection apparatus being off.

7. The method of claim 5 wherein the first heat rejection apparatus is operable in a first operational mode and a second operational mode;

wherein the first potential operating mode parameter is indicative of whether the first heat rejection apparatus is in the first operational mode or second operational mode upon the first heat rejection apparatus being on;

wherein the first optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of whether the first heat rejection apparatus is in the first operational mode or second operational mode upon the heat rejection apparatus being on; and

wherein effecting utilization of the optimal operating parameter includes configuring the first heat rejection apparatus to be off, or to be on in the first operational mode or second operational mode, according to the first optimal operating mode parameter.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat rejection apparatus comprises a first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses and a second plurality of heat rejection apparatuses;

wherein the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses comprises the first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses and the second plurality of heat rejection apparatuses

wherein the potential operating mode parameter includes:

a first potential operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses is on or off;

a second potential operating mode parameter indicative of whether the second plurality of heat rejection apparatuses is on or off;

wherein the optimal operating parameter includes:

a first optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses is on or off;

a second optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses is on or off;

wherein effecting utilization of the optimal operating parameter by the cooling system includes configuring the first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses and the second plurality of heat rejection apparatuses to be on or off according to the first and second optimal operating mode parameters.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the first optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses being on; and

wherein the second optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the second plurality of heat rejection apparatuses being off.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat rejection apparatus is operable in a wet mode and a dry mode;

wherein the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses includes the heat rejection apparatus;

wherein the potential operating mode parameter is indicative of:

whether the heat rejection apparatus is on or off; and

whether the heat rejection apparatus is in the wet mode or the dry mode upon the heat rejection apparatus being on;

wherein the optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the heat rejection apparatus being in the wet mode or dry mode upon the heat rejection apparatus being on; and

wherein effecting utilization of the optimal operating parameter includes configuring the heat rejection apparatus to be off, or to be on in the wet mode or dry mode, according to the optimal operating mode parameter.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat rejection apparatus is operable in an adiabatic mode and a dry mode;

wherein the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses includes the heat rejection apparatus;

wherein the potential operating mode parameter is indicative of:

whether the heat rejection apparatus is on or off; and

whether the heat rejection apparatus is in the adiabatic mode or the dry mode upon the heat rejection apparatus being on;

wherein the optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the heat rejection apparatus being in the adiabatic mode or dry mode upon the heat rejection apparatus being on; and

wherein effecting utilization of the optimal operating parameter includes configuring the heat rejection apparatus to be off, or to be on in the adiabatic mode or dry mode, according to the optimal operating mode parameter.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat rejection apparatus comprises a plurality of heat rejection apparatuses;

wherein the at least one cooling system apparatuses comprises the plurality of heat rejection apparatuses; and

wherein the potential operating parameters includes a parameter indicative of whether the plurality of heat rejection apparatuses are configured to operate in parallel, series, or a combination thereof.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein the cooling system apparatuses include a pump.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein the cooling system apparatuses include one or more chillers and one or more cooling towers.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the operating variable and the plurality of potential operating parameters to the machine learning model comprises estimating, for each of the potential operating parameters, estimated variables comprising:

an energy consumption of the cooling system upon the cooling system utilizing the potential operating parameter;

an energy cost based at least in part on the energy consumption of the cooling system for utilizing the potential operating parameter; and

wherein the target optimization criterion comprises minimizing the cost of operating the cooling system.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the operating variable and the plurality of potential operating parameters to the machine learning model comprises estimating estimated variables for each of the potential operating parameters, the estimated variables comprising:

an energy consumption of the cooling system upon the cooling system utilizing the potential operating parameter;

an energy cost based at least in part on the energy consumption of the cooling system utilizing the potential operating parameter;

a water consumption of the cooling system upon the cooling system utilizing the potential operating parameter;

a water cost based at least in part on the water consumption of the cooling system utilizing the potential operating parameter; and

an operating cost based at least in part upon the energy cost and the water cost for utilizing the potential operating parameter; and

wherein the target optimization criterion comprises minimizing the cost of operating the cooling system.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the water consumption includes makeup water for the cooling system.

18. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the operating variable and the plurality of potential operating parameters to the machine learning model comprises providing the operating variable and the plurality of potential operating parameters to the machine learning model to estimate energy consumption and water usage of the cooling system for each of the potential operating parameters.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the water usage includes makeup water for the cooling system.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of potential operating parameters include:

a plurality of potential temperatures of the process fluid; and/or

a plurality of potential pressures of the process fluid.

21. The method of claim 1 further comprising estimating a future operating condition of the cooling system, the future operating condition comprising a future environment condition and/or a future load condition of the cooling system; and

wherein providing the operating variable and the plurality of potential operating parameters to the machine learning model includes providing the operating variable and a plurality of potential operating parameters associated with the future operating condition of the cooling system to the machine learning model.

22. An apparatus comprising:

a cooling system including cooling system apparatuses comprising:

a heat generating apparatus configured to transfer heat to a process fluid;

a heat rejection apparatus configured to remove heat from the process fluid; and

a sensor configured to detect an operating variable of the cooling system;

processor circuitry operably coupled to the sensor and configured to provide the operating variable and a plurality of potential operating parameters to a machine learning model representative of the cooling system to estimate at least one of energy consumption, water usage, and chemical usage for each of the potential operating parameters;

wherein the potential operating parameters include a potential operating mode parameter indicative of whether at least one of the cooling system apparatuses is on or off;

the processor circuitry configured to determine, based at least in part on the estimated at least one of energy consumption, water usage, and chemical usage for the potential operating parameters, an optimal operating parameter of the cooling system to satisfy a target optimization criterion;

wherein the optimal operating parameter includes an optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses is on or off; and

the processor circuitry is configured to cause the cooling system to utilize the optimal operating parameter including causing the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses to be on or off according to the optimal operating mode parameter.

23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses being off; and

wherein the processor circuitry is configured to cause the cooling system to utilize the optimal operating parameter including configuring the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses to be off.

24. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the potential operating mode parameter is indicative of whether individual ones of the cooling system apparatuses are on or off;

wherein the optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of whether the individual ones of the cooling system apparatuses are on or off; and

wherein the processor circuitry is configured to cause the cooling system to utilize the optimal operating parameter including configuring individual ones of the cooling system apparatuses to be on or off according to the optimal operating mode parameter.

25. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the heat rejection apparatus comprises a plurality of heat rejection apparatuses;

wherein the potential operating mode parameter is indicative of whether each of the plurality of heat rejection apparatuses is on or off;

wherein the optimal operating parameter includes an optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether each of the heat rejection apparatuses is on or off; and

wherein the processor circuitry is configured to cause the cooling system to utilize the optimal operating parameter including configuring each of the heat rejection apparatuses to be on or off according to the optimal operating mode parameter.

26. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the heat rejection apparatus comprises a first heat rejection apparatus and a second heat rejection apparatus;

wherein the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses comprises the first heat rejection apparatus and the second heat rejection apparatus;

wherein the potential operating mode parameter includes:

a first potential operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first heat rejection apparatus is on or off;

a second potential operating mode parameter indicative of whether the second heat rejection apparatus is on or off;

wherein the optimal operating parameter includes:

a first optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first heat rejection apparatus is on or off;

a second optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first heat rejection apparatus is on or off;

wherein the processor circuitry is configured to cause the cooling system to utilize the optimal operating parameter including configuring the first and second heat rejection apparatuses to be on or off according to the first and second optimal operating mode parameters.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the first optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the first heat rejection apparatus being on; and

wherein the second optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the second heat rejection apparatus being off.

28. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the first heat rejection apparatus is operable in a first operational mode and a second operational mode;

wherein the first potential operating mode parameter is indicative of whether the first heat rejection apparatus is in the first operational mode or second operational mode upon the heat rejection apparatus being on;

wherein the optimal operating parameter includes the first optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first heat rejection apparatus being in the first operational mode or second operational mode upon the heat rejection apparatus being on; and

wherein the processor circuitry is configured to cause the cooling system to utilize the optimal operating parameter including configuring the first heat rejection apparatus to be off, or to be on in the first operational mode or second operational mode, according to the first optimal operating mode parameter.

29. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the heat rejection apparatus comprises a first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses and a second plurality of heat rejection apparatuses;

wherein the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses comprises the first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses and the second plurality of heat rejection apparatuses;

wherein the potential operating mode parameter includes:

a first potential operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses is on or off;

a second potential operating mode parameter indicative of whether the second plurality of heat rejection apparatuses is on or off;

wherein the optimal operating parameter includes:

a first optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses is on or off;

a second optimal operating mode parameter indicative of whether the first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses is on or off;

wherein the processor circuitry is configured to cause the cooling system to utilize the optimal operating parameter including configuring the first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses and the second plurality of heat rejection apparatuses to be on or off according to the first and second optimal operating mode parameters.

30. The apparatus of claim 29 wherein the first optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the first plurality of heat rejection apparatuses being on; and

wherein the second optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the second plurality of heat rejection apparatuses being off.

31. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the heat rejection apparatus is operable in a wet mode and a dry mode;

wherein the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses includes the heat rejection apparatus;

wherein the potential operating mode parameter is indicative of:

whether the heat rejection apparatus is on or off, and

whether the heat rejection apparatus is in the wet mode or the dry mode upon the heat rejection apparatus being on;

wherein the optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the heat rejection apparatus being in the wet mode or dry mode upon the heat rejection apparatus being on; and

wherein the processor circuitry is configured to cause the cooling system to utilize the optimal operating parameter including configuring the heat rejection apparatus to be off, or to be on in the wet mode or dry mode, according to the optimal operating mode parameter.

32. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the heat rejection apparatus is operable in an adiabatic mode and a dry mode;

wherein the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses includes the heat rejection apparatus;

wherein the potential operating mode parameter is indicative of:

whether the heat rejection apparatus is on or off; and

whether the heat rejection apparatus is in the adiabatic mode or the dry mode upon the heat rejection apparatus being on;

wherein the optimal operating mode parameter is indicative of the heat rejection apparatus being in the adiabatic mode or dry mode upon the heat rejection apparatus being on; and

wherein the processor circuitry is configured to cause the cooling system to utilize the optimal operating parameter including configuring the heat rejection apparatus to be off, or to be on in the adiabatic mode or dry mode, according to the optimal operating mode parameter.

33. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the heat rejection apparatus comprises a plurality of heat rejection apparatuses;

wherein the at least one of the cooling system apparatuses comprises the plurality of heat rejection apparatuses; and

wherein the potential operating parameters includes a parameter indicative of whether the plurality of heat rejection apparatuses are configured to operate in parallel, series, or a combination thereof.

34. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the cooling system apparatuses include a pump.

35. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the cooling system apparatuses include one or more chillers and one or more cooling towers.

36. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the processor circuitry is configured to provide the operating variable and the plurality of potential operating parameters to the machine learning model including estimating, for each of the potential operating parameters, estimated variables comprising:

energy consumption of the cooling system upon the cooling system utilizing the potential operating parameter;

an energy cost based at least in part on the energy consumption of the cooling system for utilizing the potential operating parameter; and

wherein the target optimization criterion comprises minimizing the cost of operating the cooling system.

37. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the processor circuitry is configured to provide the operating variable and the plurality of potential operating parameters to the machine learning model including estimating estimated variables for each of the potential operating parameters, the estimated variables comprising:

energy consumption of the cooling system upon the cooling system utilizing the potential operating parameter;

an energy cost based at least in part on the energy consumption of the cooling system utilizing the potential operating parameter;

water consumption of the cooling system upon the cooling system utilizing the potential operating parameter;

a water cost based at least in part on the water consumption of the cooling system utilizing the potential operating parameter; and

an operating cost based at least in part upon the energy cost and the water cost for utilizing the potential operating parameter; and

wherein the target optimization criterion comprises minimizing the cost of operating the cooling system.

38. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein the water consumption includes makeup water for the cooling system.

39. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the processor circuitry is configured to provide the operating variable and the plurality of potential operating parameters to the machine learning model including providing the operating variable and the plurality of potential operating parameters to the machine learning model to estimate energy consumption and water usage of the cooling system for each of the potential operating parameters.

40. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein the water usage includes makeup water for the cooling system.

41. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the plurality of potential operating parameters include:

a plurality of potential temperatures of the process fluid; and/or

a plurality of potential pressures of the process fluid.

42. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the processor circuitry is further configured to estimate a future operating condition of the cooling system, the future operating condition comprising a future environment condition and/or a future load condition of the cooling system; and

wherein the processor circuitry is configured to provide the operating variable and the plurality of potential operating parameters to the machine learning model including providing the operating variable and a plurality of potential operating parameters associated with the future operating condition of the cooling system to the machine learning model.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 6, 2025
From: ROUSSELET, YOHANN LILIAN; LITWACK, ELLIE M.
To: BALTIMORE AIRCOIL COMPANY, INC.
Reel/Frame 071189/0484 →
Continuity (4)
Continuation 18221499 · Jul 13, 2023
Continuation 17118818 · Dec 11, 2020
Provisional Application 62946778 · Dec 11, 2019
Related Publication 20240401884A1 · Dec 5, 2024
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