REDUCING AGENTS AND USES THEREOF

1 . A method of making a compound of formula (A), wherein the compound of formula (A) has the formula:

the method comprising mixing a compound of Formula (B) and a compound of Formula (C) together in a reaction vessel; wherein the compound of Formula (B) has the formula:

wherein B is a nucleobase;

L 100 is a covalent linker;

R 100 is —OH, a monophosphate moiety, polyphosphate moiety, or nucleic acid moiety;

R 200 is —OH or hydrogen;

R 300 is a reversible terminator;

L 400 is a cleavable linker; and

R 500 is a detectable moiety; and

and the compound of Formula (C) has the formula:

wherein

R 1 is —W 1 -L 1 -R 4 ;

R 2 is halogen or —W 2 -L 2 -R 5 ;

R 3 is halogen or —W 3 -L 3 -R 6 ;

W 1 , W 2 , and W 3 are independently —O—, —S—, or —NH—;

L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 are independently a bond, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene;

R 4 is

R 5 is hydrogen, —OH, NH 2 , —COOH, —CONH 2 , —SH, —SO 3 H, —SO 4 H, —SO 2 NH 2 , or

R 6 is hydrogen, —OH, NH 2 , —COOH, —CONH 2 , —SH, —SO 3 H, —SO 4 H, —SO 2 NH 2 , or

 and

wherein R 4A , R 4B , R 5A , R 5B , R 6A , and R 6B are independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the reversible terminator moiety is

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein -L 100 -L 400 - is

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein -L 100 -L 400 - is

wherein R 102 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein W 1 , W 2 , and W 3 are each —O—.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein W 1 , W 2 , and W 3 are each —S— or —NH—.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 are independently unsubstituted C 1 to C 4 alkylene.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein R 4 is

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein R 5 is hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CONH 2 , —SH, —SO 3 H, —SO 4 H, —SO 2 NH 2 ,

10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein R 6 is hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CONH 2 , —SH, —SO 3 H, —SO 4 H, —SO 2 NH 2 ,

11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 has the formula:

12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is halogen or has the formula:

13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is halogen or has the formula:

14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (C) has the formula:

15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (C) has the formula:

16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (C) has the formula:

17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (C) has the formula:

18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (C) has the formula:

19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (C) has the formula:

wherein z4 and z5 are independently an integer from 1 to 8.

20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (C) has the formula:

wherein z5 is an integer from 1 to 8.