Polycrystalline diamond compacts including a cemented carbide substrate
Embodiments relate to a polycrystalline diamond compact (“PDC”) including a polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) table bonded to a cemented carbide substrate including tungsten carbide grains having a fine average grain size to provide one or more of enhanced wear resistance, corrosion resistance, or erosion resistance, and a PDC with enhanced impact resistance. In an embodiment, a PDC includes a cemented carbide substrate having a cobalt-containing cementing constituent cementing tungsten carbide grains together exhibiting an average grain size of about 1.5 μm or less. The substrate includes an interfacial surface and a depletion zone depleted of the cementing constituent that extends inwardly from the interfacial surface to a depth of, for example, about 30 μm to about 60 μm. The PDC includes a PCD table bonded to the interfacial surface of the substrate. The PCD table includes diamond grains bonded together exhibiting an average grain size of about 40 μm or less.
1 . A drill bit, comprising:
a bit body configured to facilitate drilling a subterranean formation; and
a plurality of cutting elements mounted to the bit body, at least one of the plurality of cutting elements including:
a cemented carbide substrate including a cobalt-containing cementing constituent cementing a plurality of tungsten carbide grains together, the plurality of tungsten carbide grains exhibiting an average grain size of about 2.5 μm or less, the cemented carbide substrate including an interfacial surface and a depletion zone that extends inwardly from an interfacial surface thereof to a depth of about 30 μm to about 60 μm, the depletion zone exhibiting a Palmquist fracture toughness of about 6 MPa·m 0.5 to about 9 MPa·m 0.5 , wherein the cemented carbide substrate excludes chromium; and
a polycrystalline diamond table bonded to the interfacial surface of the cemented carbide substrate, the polycrystalline diamond table including a plurality of diamond grains bonded together and defining a plurality of interstitial regions, the plurality of the diamond grains exhibiting an average grain size of about 40 μm or less, at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond able including a metallic constituent disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions, the metallic constituent of the at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond table is present in an amount of about 7.5 weight % or less, the at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond table exhibiting a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds (“Oe”) to about 250 Oe and a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss·cm 3 /grams (“G·cm 3 /g”) or less.
2 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cemented carbide substrate includes a single cemented carbide substrate.
3 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the average grain size of the plurality of tungsten carbide grains is about 1.5 μm to less.
4 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the average grain size of the plurality of tungsten carbide grains is about 0.8 μm to about 1.5 μm.
5 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the depth of the depletion zone is 30 μm to 50 μm.
6 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the depth of the depletion zone is 32 μm to 45 μm.
7 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cobalt-containing cementing constituent is present in the depletion zone in a concentration that is about 20% to about 40% of a bulk concentration of the cobalt-containing cementing constituent in the cemented carbide substrate outside the depletion zone.
8 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cemented carbide substrate further includes at least one additional carbide in addition to the plurality of tungsten carbide grains, the at least one additional carbide including vanadium carbide, nickel carbide, tantalum carbide grains, tantalum carbide-tungsten carbide solid solution grains, or combinations thereof.
9 . The drill bit of claim 8 wherein the at least one addition carbide is present in the cemented carbide substrate in an amount of about 0.050 weight % to about 3 weight %.
10 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cemented carbide substrate excludes tantalum.
11 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cemented carbide substrate excludes vanadium and nickel.
12 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cemented carbide substrate exhibits a transverse rupture strength of about 460 ksi to about 550 ksi and a hardness of about 89.5 HRa to about 92 HRa.
13 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cemented carbide substrate exhibits a coercivity of about 130 to about 150 Oe and a magnetic saturation of about 10 G·cm 3 /g to about 20 G·cm 3 /g.
14 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the cemented carbide substrate exhibits corrosion pits having an average width of about 0.5 μm to about 2.5 μm after immersing the cemented carbide substrate in 10% hydrochloric acid for about 24 hours.
15 . The drill bit of claim 1 , wherein the tungsten carbide grains exhibit abnormal grain growth include about 5% or less of a total surface area of the interfacial surface.
16 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the tungsten carbide grains exhibit abnormal grain growth include greater than 0% to about 5% or less of a total surface area of the interfacial surface, the tungsten carbide grains exhibiting abnormal grain growth exhibit an average length of about 8 μm to about 15 μm.
17 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the drill bit is a fixed cutter drill bit.
18 . The drill bit of claim 1 wherein the drill bit is a core bit, roller-cone bit, eccentric bit, or bicenter bit.
19 . A rotary drill bit, comprising:
a bit body configured to facilitate drilling a subterranean formation, the bit body including blades; and
a plurality of cutting elements mounted to the blades, at least one of the plurality of cutting elements including:
a cemented carbide substrate including a cobalt-containing cementing constituent cementing a plurality of tungsten carbide grains together, the plurality of tungsten carbide grains exhibiting an average grain size of about 0.8 μm to about 1.5 μm, the cemented carbide substrate including an interfacial surface and a depletion zone that extends inwardly from an interfacial surface thereof to a depth of about 30 μm to about 50 μm, the depletion zone exhibiting a Palmquist fracture toughness of about 6 MPa·m 0.5 to about 9 MPa· 0.5 , wherein the cemented carbide substrate excludes chromium; and
a polycrystalline diamond table bonded to the interfacial surface of the cemented carbide substrate, the polycrystalline diamond table including a plurality of diamond grains bonded together and defining a plurality of interstitial regions, the plurality of the diamond grains exhibiting an average grain size of about 40 μm or less, at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond able including a metallic constituent disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions, the metallic constituent of the at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond table is present in an amount of about 7.5 weight % or less, the at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond table exhibiting a coercivity of about 130 Oe to about 250 Oe and a specific magnetic saturation of about 5 G·cm 3 /g to about 15 G·cm 3 /g.
20 . A drill bit, comprising:
a bit body configured to facilitate drilling a subterranean formation, the bit body including blades; and
a plurality of cutting elements mounted to the blades, at least one of the plurality of cutting elements including:
a single cemented carbide substrate including a cobalt-containing cementing constituent cementing a plurality of tungsten carbide grains together, the plurality of tungsten carbide grains exhibiting an average grain size of about 1 μm to about 1.5 μm, the single cemented carbide substrate including an interfacial surface and a depletion zone that extends inwardly from an interfacial surface thereof to a depth of about 30 μm to 50 μm, the depletion zone exhibiting a Palmquist fracture toughness of about 6 MPa·m 0.5 to about 9 MPa·m 0.5 , wherein the single cemented carbide substrate:
excludes chromium; and
exhibits a transverse rupture strength of about 460 ksi to about 550 ksi, a hardness of about 89.5 HRa to about 92 HRa, a coercivity of about 130 to about 150 Oe, a magnetic saturation of about 10 G·cm 3 /g to about 20 G·cm 3 /g, and corrosion pits having an average width of about 0.5 μm to about 2.5 μm after immersing the single cemented carbide substrate in 10% hydrochloric acid for about 24 hours; and
a polycrystalline diamond table bonded to the interfacial surface of the single cemented carbide substrate, the polycrystalline diamond table including a plurality of diamond grains bonded together and defining a plurality of interstitial regions, the plurality of the diamond grains exhibiting an average grain size of about 40 μm or less, at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond able including a metallic constituent disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions, the metallic constituent of the at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond table is present in an amount of about 7.5 weight % or less, the at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond table exhibiting a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds (“Oe”) to about 250 Oe and a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss·cm 3 /grams or less.