DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PATIENT-SPECIFIC STIMULI-RESPONSIVE CARDIOVASCULAR STENTS FOR CORONARY ARTERY SPASM TREATMENT TO ELIMINATE POST-SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS
Example systems, methods, and apparatus are disclosed herein for a design and fabrication of patient-specific stimuli-responsive cardiovascular stents for coronary artery spasm treatment to eliminate post-surgical interventions. The stimuli-responsive material may be a magnetically-induced shape memory nanoparticle such as Hematite dispersed in PLA. Such Hematite may be at a concentration of 10 wt % to 20 wt %.
1 . A patient-specific stimuli-responsive cardiovascular stent for coronary artery spasm treatment to eliminate post-surgical interventions comprising a magnetic nanoparticle configured to enable magnetically induced shape memory effects.
2 . The stent of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticle comprises Hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ).
3 . The stent of claim 2 , wherein the concentration of Hematite is at least 10 wt %.
4 . The stent of claim 2 , wherein the concentration of Hematite is at least 15 wt %.
5 . The stent of claim 2 , wherein the concentration of Hematite is at least 20 wt %.
6 . The stent of claim 1 , wherein the stent is configured to have a desired magnetically induced shape memory position for a coronary artery spasm treatment.
7 . A method of fabricating a patient-specific stimuli-responsive cardiovascular stent for coronary artery spasm treatment to eliminate post-surgical interventions comprising:
dissolving PLA in dichloromethane (DCM) using a mechanical mixer;
adding a concentration of magnetic sensitive α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles to the PLA/DCM solution;
mechanically stirring the solution for 4 hours at a speed of between 1300-1500 rpm;
heating the solution to 40° C. with continuous stirring to remove the solvent (DCM) from the mixture;
laying the PLA/α-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposites on a flat surface to remove the entrapped solvent; and
obtaining nanocomposites in film form.
8 . The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
forming a stent by additive manufacturing using the nanocomposites.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the concentration of magnetic sensitive Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is 10 wt %.
10 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the concentration of magnetic sensitive Hematite (α-Fe 2 O3) is 15 wt %.
11 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the concentration of magnetic sensitive Hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) is 20 wt %.
12 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
configuring the stent to have a desired magnetically induced shape memory position.
13 . A method of using a patient-specific stimuli-responsive cardiovascular stent for coronary artery spasm treatment to eliminate post-surgical interventions comprising:
determining a desired configuration of the stimuli-responsive cardiovascular stent based on a physiology of a patient; and
producing a stimuli-responsive cardiovascular stent based on the desired configuration.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the cardiovascular stent is produced by a process of additive manufacturing.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the process of additive manufacturing occurs within the vicinity of the patient.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the cardiovascular stent comprises a PLA/α-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the concentration of α-Fe 2 O 3 in the PLA/α-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite is at least 10 wt %.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the concentration of α-Fe 2 O 3 in the PLA/α-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite is at least 15 wt %.
19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the concentration of α-Fe 2 O 3 in the PLA/α-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite is at least 20 wt %.
20 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
providing the cardiovascular stent to the patient; and
actuating the cardiovascular stent by applying a magnetic field near the cardiovascular stent.