Mechanical thrombectomy assemblies with relief features, and associated devices, systems, and methods
Disclosed herein are clot treatment systems including mechanical thrombectomy devices and clot treatment devices, and associated devices and methods. In some embodiments, a method of removing clot material from a blood vessel of patient includes inserting a catheter to proximate the clot material within the blood vessel while radially constraining a clot treatment device and an embolic protection device within the catheter. The method can further include moving the catheter proximally to deploy the clot treatment device at least partially distal to clot material within the blood vessel, and then moving the catheter further proximally to deploy the embolic protection device at least partially proximal to the clot material. The clot treatment device can include one or more relief features configured to release captured clot material if the force on the clot treatment device exceeds a threshold.
1 . A clot treatment device for treating clot material within a blood vessel of a patient, the clot treatment device comprising:
a unitary structure including a plurality of interconnected struts, wherein the unitary structure defines a central axis, and wherein the unitary structure is expandable from a compressed position within a delivery catheter to an expanded position within the blood vessel, and wherein, in the expanded position, the unitary structure includes—
a first region defining a coupling portion configured to couple the unitary structure to a shaft;
a second region distal of the first region and defining a proximal mouth configured to capture at least a portion of the clot material when the shaft is retracted proximally;
a third region distal of the second region and defining one or more relief features angled inwardly toward the central axis, wherein the one or more relief features are configured to, when the shaft is retracted proximally:
retain the captured portion of the clot material between the proximal mouth and the one or more relief features when a force from the captured portion of the clot material on the one or more relief features is below a threshold, and
rotate away from the central axis to release the captured portion of the clot material when the force from the captured portion of the clot material equals or exceeds the threshold to reduce an overall force on the clot treatment device to inhibit mechanical failure of the clot treatment device; and
a fourth region distal of the second region and defining a distal terminus of the unitary structure.
2 . The clot treatment device of claim 1 wherein, in the third region, a subset of the plurality of interconnected struts terminate at junctions to define the one or more relief features.
3 . The clot treatment device of claim 1 wherein the threshold is based at least in part on the inward angle of the one or more relief features.
4 . The clot treatment device of claim 1 wherein a subset of the plurality of interconnected struts define the one or more relief features, and wherein the threshold is based at least in part on a thickness of the subset of the plurality of interconnected struts.
5 . The clot treatment device of claim 1 wherein the second, third, and fourth region define a clot removal element of the clot treatment device; and wherein the second region further defines a leading edge portion of the clot removal element that has a thickness that varies along its length.
6 . The clot treatment device of claim 1 wherein the proximal mouth is configured to capture a first portion of the clot material, and wherein the third region further defines one or more distal mouths configured to capture a second portion of the clot material.
7 . The clot treatment device of claim 6 wherein the one or more distal mouths are positioned between the one or more relief features and the distal terminus.
8 . The clot treatment device of claim 1 wherein the coupling portion includes a terminal strut coupled to the second region and an attachment strut extending proximally from the terminal strut, wherein the attachment strut defines one or more strut portions that extend at least generally perpendicularly to a length of the catheter to which the coupling portion is configured to be coupled.
9 . The clot treatment device of claim 8 wherein, in response to one or more forces on the unitary structure that cause the catheter to flex or deform, the attachment strut is configured to flex or deform with the catheter.
10 . The clot treatment device of claim 8 wherein the attachment strut is configured to extend helically around the catheter.
11 . The clot treatment device of claim 8 wherein the terminal strut is a distal terminal strut, wherein the coupling portion further includes a proximal terminal strut, and wherein the attachment strut extends between the distal and proximal terminal struts.
12 . The clot treatment device of claim 8 , further comprising an adhesive material applied to the attachment strut to bond the coupling portion to the catheter, wherein, when bonded to the catheter, the attachment strut does not move relative to the catheter.
13 . The clot treatment device of claim 1 wherein the distal terminus defines a free end of the unitary structure.
14 . A clot treatment device for treating clot material within a blood vessel of a patient, the clot treatment device comprising:
a unitary structure including a plurality of interconnected struts, wherein the unitary structure defines a central axis and includes—
a first region defining a coupling portion configured to couple the unitary structure to a shaft;
a second region distal of the first region and defining a proximal mouth configured to capture at least a portion of the clot material, wherein the second region defines a leading edge portion, wherein the leading edge portion spans a subset of the plurality of interconnected struts, and wherein a thickness of the leading edge portion (i) increases in a proximal-to-distal direction between immediately adjacent ones of the subset of the plurality of interconnected struts and (ii) decreases between immediately adjacent pairs of the plurality of interconnected struts;
a third region distal of the second region and defining one or more relief features angled inwardly toward the central axis and configured to (i) retain the captured portion of the clot material between the proximal mouth and the one or more relief features when a force on the one or more relief features is below a threshold and (ii) rotate away from the central axis to release the captured portion of the clot material when the force equals or exceeds the threshold; and
a fourth region distal of the second region and defining a distal terminus of the unitary structure.
15 . A clot treatment device for treating clot material within a blood vessel of a patient, the clot treatment device comprising:
a unitary structure including a plurality of interconnected struts, wherein the unitary structure defines a central axis and includes—
a first region defining a coupling portion configured to couple the unitary structure to a shaft;
a second region distal of the first region and defining a proximal mouth configured to capture at least a portion of the clot material, wherein the second region defines a leading edge portion, and wherein—
the plurality of interconnected struts include (i) a first proximal strut coupled to the leading edge portion, (ii) a second proximal strut coupled to the leading edge portion distal to the first proximal strut, and (ii) a third proximal strut coupled to the leading edge portion distal to the second proximal strut;
the leading edge portion has (i) a first segment between the first and second proximal struts and (ii) a second segment between the second and third proximal struts;
the first segment has (i) a first thickness at the first proximal strut and (ii) a second thickness greater than the first thickness at the second proximal strut; and
the second segment has (i) a third thickness less than the second thickness at the second proximal strut and (ii) a fourth thickness greater than the third thickness at the third proximal strut;
a third region distal of the second region and defining one or more relief features angled inwardly toward the central axis and configured to (i) retain the captured portion of the clot material between the proximal mouth and the one or more relief features when a force on the one or more relief features is below a threshold and (ii) rotate away from the central axis to release the captured portion of the clot material when the force equals or exceeds the threshold; and
a fourth region distal of the second region and defining a distal terminus of the unitary structure.
16 . The clot treatment device of claim 15 wherein the fourth thickness is less than the second thickness.
17 . A clot treatment device for treating clot material within a blood vessel of a patient, the clot treatment device comprising:
a unitary structure including a plurality of interconnected struts, wherein the unitary structure defines a central axis and includes—
a first region defining a coupling portion configured to couple the unitary structure to a shaft;
a second region distal of the first region and defining a proximal mouth configured to capture at least a portion of the clot material;
a third region distal of the second region and defining one or more first relief features angled inwardly toward the central axis and configured to (i) retain the captured portion of the clot material between the proximal mouth and the one or more relief features when a first force on the one or more first relief features is below a first threshold, and (ii) rotate away from the central axis to release the captured portion of the clot material when the first force equals or exceeds the first threshold; and
a fourth region distal of the second region and defining a distal terminus of the unitary structure, wherein the fourth region comprises a second relief feature configured to (i) retain captured clot material when a second force on the second relief feature is below a second threshold and (ii) release the captured clot material when the second force equals or exceeds the second threshold.
18 . The clot treatment device of claim 17 wherein the second relief feature includes a portion of the unitary structure that tapers inwardly toward the central axis.
19 . The clot treatment device of claim 17 wherein the second relief feature includes a collar and a fuse, wherein the collar is coupled to one of the interconnected struts via the fuse to retain the captured clot material proximal to the second relief feature, and wherein, when the second force equals or exceeds the second threshold, the fuse is configured to break to allow the second relief feature to release the capture clot material.
20 . The clot treatment device of claim 17 wherein the second relief feature includes a pair of struts that terminate at a junction and are angled inwardly toward the central axis.