SEMICONDUCTOR NANOPARTICLE, PRODCUTION METHOD THEREOF, ELECTRONIC DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME
A method of manufacturing a semiconductor nanoparticle, the semiconductor nanoparticle manufactured therefrom, and an electronic device including the semiconductor nanoparticle. The method of manufacturing the semiconductor nanoparticle includes combining a first semiconductor nanocrystal that includes silver, a Group 13 element, and a chalcogen element, with a gallium precursor, a sulfur precursor, and a silver compound in a medium including an organic solvent; and heating the medium to a reaction temperature to obtain a crude solution including the semiconductor nanoparticles. The semiconductor nanoparticle includes silver, indium, gallium, and sulfur, and the size is greater than or equal to about 2 nm and less than or equal to about 50 nm.
1 . A method of manufacturing a semiconductor nanoparticle, the method comprising:
combining a first semiconductor nanocrystal that includes silver, a Group 13 element, and a chalcogen element, with a gallium precursor, a sulfur precursor, and a silver compound in a medium including an organic solvent; and
heating the medium to a reaction temperature to obtain a crude solution including the semiconductor nanoparticle,
wherein the semiconductor nanoparticle comprises silver, indium, gallium, and sulfur, and a size of the semiconductor nanoparticle is greater than or equal to about 2 nm and less than or equal to about 50 nm.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
the crude solution exhibits an optical density defined by Equation 1 at a wavelength of 500 nm that is greater than or equal to about 1 and less than or equal to about 10:
Optical
density
=
log
10
(
I
O
/
I
T
)
Equation
1
I O =intensity of incident light supplied to the crude solution, and
I T =intensity of transmitted light passing through the crude solution.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein
the crude solution exhibits an optical density of greater than or equal to about 8 and less than or equal to 100 at a wavelength of 350 nm.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum, a ratio of absorption at 500 nm to absorption at 350 nm (A 500 :A 350 ) of the crude solution is greater than or equal to about 0.01:1 and less than or equal to about 0.8:1.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
the silver compound is added to the medium in an amount of greater than or equal to about 0.1 mol % and less than or equal to about 50 mol %, with respect to an amount of the gallium precursor added to the medium.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
the silver compound comprises a silver carboxylate, a silver acetylacetonate, a silver halide, or a combination thereof.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
a production yield is greater than or equal to about 6%:
Production
yield
=
A
/
B
×
100
A: a total weight of silver, a Group 13 element, sulfur in the semiconductor nanoparticles recovered from the crude solution
B: a total weight of silver, Group 13 element, and sulfur added to the medium.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
the semiconductor nanoparticle exhibits a quantum yield of greater than or equal to about 65%.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
the semiconductor nanoparticle has an average size of greater than or equal to about 5 nm and less than or equal to about 10 nm with a standard deviation of less than or equal to about 20% of the average size.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
the semiconductor nanoparticle exhibits a charge balance value that is greater than or equal to about 0.8 and less than or equal to about 1.3:
charge
balance
value
=
{
[
Ag
]
+
3
(
[
ln
]
+
[
Ga
]
)
}
/
(
2
[
S
]
)
wherein [Ag], [In], [Ga], and [S] are molar amounts of silver, indium, gallium, and sulfur in the semiconductor nanoparticle, respectively.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
preparing an additional reaction medium including a zinc precursor in an organic solvent;
adding the semiconductor nanoparticle and a chalcogen precursor to the additional reaction medium, and heating to a reaction temperature to form a third semiconductor nanocrystal including a zinc chalcogenide on a surface of the semiconductor nanoparticle.
12 . Semiconductor nanoparticles comprising silver, indium, gallium, and sulfur,
wherein an average size of the semiconductor nanoparticles is greater than or equal to about 5 nm and less than or equal to about 10 nm with a standard deviation of less than or equal to about 20% and greater than or equal to about 5% of the average size,
wherein the semiconductor nanoparticle exhibits a charge balance value that is greater than or equal to about 0.95 and less than or equal to about 1.2:
charge
balance
value
=
{
[
Ag
]
+
3
(
[
ln
]
+
[
Ga
]
)
}
/
(
2
[
S
]
)
wherein [Ag], [In], [Ga], and [S] are molar amounts of silver, indium, gallium, and sulfur in the semiconductor nanoparticle, respectively.
13 . The semiconductor nanoparticles of claim 12 , wherein
the semiconductor nanoparticles are configured to emit green light, and
a peak emission wavelength of the green light is greater than or equal to about 520 nm and less than or equal to about 540 nm.
14 . The semiconductor nanoparticles of claim 12 , wherein
the charge balance value is greater than or equal to about 1 and less than or equal to about 1.15.
15 . The semiconductor nanoparticles of claim 12 , wherein
a quantum yield of the semiconductor nanoparticles is greater than or equal to about 70% and less than or equal to about 99%, and
a full width at half maximum of the semiconductor nanoparticles is greater than or equal to about 15 nm and less than or equal to about 70 nm.
16 . The semiconductor nanoparticles of claim 12 , wherein
in the semiconductor nanoparticles,
a mole ratio of gallium to indium (Ga:In) is greater than or equal to about 1:1 and less than or equal to about 10:1, and
a mole ratio of gallium to silver (Ga:Ag) is greater than or equal to about 1.1:1 and less than or equal to about 3:1.
17 . The semiconductor nanoparticles of claim 12 , wherein
in the semiconductor nanoparticles,
a mole ratio of gallium to a sum of gallium, indium, and silver (Ga:(Ga+In+Ag)) is greater than or equal to about 0.45:1 and less than or equal to about 0.65:1, and
a mole ratio of a sum of indium and gallium to silver ((In+Ga):Ag) is greater than or equal to about 1.2:1 and less than or equal to about 3.5:1.
18 . The semiconductor nanoparticles of claim 12 , wherein
in the semiconductor nanoparticles,
a mole ratio of silver to a sum of silver, indium, and gallium (Ag:(Ag+In+Ga)) is greater than or equal to about 0.2:1 and less than or equal to about 0.45:1, and
a mole ratio of sulfur to a sum of silver, indium, and gallium (S:(Ag+In+Ga)) is greater than or equal to about 0.8:1 and less than or equal to about 1.5:1.
19 . The semiconductor nanoparticles of claim 12 , wherein
in the semiconductor nanoparticles,
a mole ratio of gallium to sulfur (Ga:S) is greater than or equal to about 0.4:1 and less than or equal to about 0.6:1.
20 . An electronic device, comprising the semiconductor nanoparticles of claim 12 .