Robust downhole pump barrel
A downhole pump barrel is nickel plated to a predefined thickness followed by Boronizing a portion of nickel matrix to create Nickel Boride layer and leaving a layer of nickel between the newly formed Nickel Boride and the barrel metal surface. The top layer of Nickel Boride provides a hard surface like chrome plating which increases the wear/abrasion resistance during the sucker rod pump production. The nickel matrix disposed beneath the Nickel Boride acts as a barrier from any corrosion attacks reaching the barrel metal surface.
1 . A barrel for use in a sucker-rod pump assembly, comprising:
a tubular core element defining an interior surface and a longitudinal axis;
an interior layer formed on at least a portion of the interior surface, the interior layer including:
a first region comprising Nickel Boride, wherein the thickness of the first region, when measured in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, is in the range of approximately 40 microns to 80 microns; and
a second region substantially free of Boron, wherein the thickness of the second region, when measured in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, is in the range of approximately 1 micron to 40 microns; and
wherein the second region is closer to the interior surface of the core element than the first region, when considered in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
2 . The barrel of claim 1 wherein the second region consists of nickel plate.
3 . The barrel of claim 1 wherein the tubular core element further defines an exterior surface and the barrel further comprises:
an exterior layer formed on at least a portion of the exterior surface, the exterior layer including:
a third region comprising Nickel Boride; and
a fourth region substantially free of Boron; and
wherein the fourth region is closer to the exterior surface of the core element than the third region, when considered in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
4 . The barrel of claim 1 wherein each of the first and second regions has a hardness, and wherein the hardness of the first region is greater than the hardness of the second region.
5 . The barrel of claim 1 wherein each of the first and second regions has a degree of corrosion resistance, and wherein the degree of corrosion resistance of first region is less than the degree of corrosion resistance of the second region.
6 . The barrel of claim 2 wherein the combined thickness of the first and second regions, when considered in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, is greater than the combined thickness of the third and fourth region, when considered in the same direction.
7 . The barrel of claim 6 wherein the thickness of the second region, when considered in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, is within 5% of the thickness of fourth region, when considered in the same direction.
8 . A method of forming a barrel for use in a sucker-rod pump assembly, the method comprising the steps of:
electroplating a layer of nickel onto an interior surface of a tubular metal object to form a nickel-plated tubular object;
applying a mixture containing Boron to the nickel-plated tubular object;
heating the nickel-plated tubular object and the applied Boron containing mixture over a period of time to cause at least some of the Boron within the mixture to diffuse into the nickel layer to form a region of Nickel Boride;
cooling the heated nickel-plated tubular object; and
controlling extent and duration of the heating step to ensure that a region of the electroplated nickel layer is formed between the Nickel Boride region and the interior surface of the tubular metal object that is substantially free of Boron.
9 . The method of claim 8 wherein the step of electroplating the layer of nickel further comprises the step of controlling the duration of the electroplating step such that the thickness of the resultant nickel electroplated layer is less than approximately 80 microns.
10 . The method of claim 9 wherein the step of controlling the extent and duration of the heating step further comprises the step of controlling the extent and duration of the heating step such that the thickness of the Nickel Boride region is greater than approximately 40 microns.
11 . The method step of claim 9 , further comprising the step of controlling the duration of the electroplating step such that the thickness of the resultant nickel electroplated layer is greater than approximately 40 microns.
12 . The method of claim 8 wherein the step of applying a mixture containing Boron to the nickel-plated tubular object comprises a step of exposing the nickel-plated tubular object to a gas containing Boron.
13 . The method of claim 8 wherein a time duration separates the step of electroplating a layer of nickel onto an interior surface of a tubular metal object to form a nickel-plated tubular object from the step of applying a mixture containing Boron to the nickel-plated tubular object, and wherein the time duration is greater than approximately 60 minutes.
14 . A barrel for use in a sucker-rod pump assembly, the barrel comprising a tubular member having an inner exposed surface comprising:
an exposed surface layer formed by subjecting a base material to a diffusion process, the exposed surface layer including a diffused element and having: (a) a thickness of between approximately 40 and approximately 80 microns, (b) a first relative hardness, and (c) a first relative resistance to corrosion;
an intermediate layer comprising the base material, the intermediate layering being substantially free of the diffused element and having: (a) a thickness of between approximately 1 and approximately 40 microns; (b) a second relative hardness, and (c) a second relative resistance to corrosion; and
a core layer to which the intermediate layer was applied.
15 . The barrel of claim 14 wherein the base material is Nickel.
16 . The barrel of claim 15 wherein the exposed surface layer comprises Nickel Boride.
17 . The barrel of claim 14 wherein the first relative resistance to corrosion is less than the second relative resistance to corrosion and wherein the first relative hardness is greater than the second relative hardness.
18 . The barrel of claim 14 wherein core layer has a third relative hardness, and wherein the first relative hardness is greater than both the first relative hardness and the second relative hardness and wherein the second relative hardness is less than the third relative hardness.
19 . The barrel of claim 14 wherein the core layer has a thickness of at least 0.19 inches.
20 . The barrel of claim 14 wherein the exposed surface layer and the intermediate layer are formed through a process in which the core layer is subjected to a nickel plating process to produce a nickel plate; and the nickel plate is subject to a Boronization process to produce the exposed surface layer, wherein the exposed surface layer comprises Nickel Boride.