SACRIFICIAL SALTS IN LI-RICH, DEFECT ANTI-FLUORITE COMPOUNDS IN CATHODES FOR PRELITHIATION IN LITHIUM ION BATTERIES
Systems and methods for batteries comprising a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode, wherein sacrificial salts and prelithiation reagents are added to the cathode as functional additives for electrochemical prelithiation.
1 . A battery, the battery comprising:
a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode;
wherein said cathode comprises active materials and a prelithiation agent in the form of one or more sacrificial lithium salts; and
wherein said one or more sacrificial lithium salts comprises Li 5 FeO 4 (LFO), Li 2 S, Li 2 Te, Li 2 Se; or mixtures or combinations thereof.
2 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the prelithiation agent in the form of one or more sacrificial lithium salts irreversibly provides lithium to the anode during charge.
3 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein said one or more sacrificial lithium salts comprises Li 5 FeO 4 (LFO).
4 . The battery of claim 3 , wherein said LFO is applied as a core-shell structure, and wherein the core is the cathode and the shell comprises a LFO layer.
5 . The battery of claim 4 , wherein said LFO layer is submicron or nanometer in scale.
6 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein said sacrificial lithium salt has a multilayer structure.
7 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein said battery comprises an anode with high Si content.
8 . The battery of claim 7 , wherein said Si content is >50%.
9 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein said anode has been prelithiated using one or more sacrificial lithium salts contained in the cathode.
10 . A method of forming a battery, the method comprising:
forming a battery comprising a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode, the cathode comprising one or more sacrificial lithium salts; wherein said cathode is formed using, at least, the following steps:
said cathode material is mixed to create a slurry
said sacrificial lithium salt is added to said slurry
said slurry is coated on metal foil; and
the coated metal foil is dried; and
wherein said one or more sacrificial lithium salts comprises Li 5 FeO 4 (LFO), Li 2 S, Li 2 Te, Li 2 Se; or mixtures or combinations thereof.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein a first oxidation cycle of said battery is performed at higher than room temperature to reduce the oxidation potential of said one or more sacrificial lithium salts.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein said one or more sacrificial lithium salts comprises Li 5 FeO 4 (LFO).
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein said LFO is applied as a core-shell structure, and wherein the core is the cathode and the shell comprises a LFO layer.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein said LFO layer is submicron or nanometer in scale.
15 . The method of claim 10 , wherein said sacrificial lithium salt has a multilayer structure.
16 . The method of claim 10 , wherein said battery comprises an anode with high Si content.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein said Si content is >50%.