Compositions and methods for the purification of isoprenoids
The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for producing a high-purity isoprenoid from an isoprenoid composition, wherein the method includes using chromatography to reduce the impurities in the isoprenoid composition to below parts per million levels. Further provided herein are compositions containing high-purity isoprenoids.
1. A method of purifying farnesene, the method comprising:
(a) providing a farnesene composition; and
(b) purifying the farnesene from the farnesene composition of (a) by way of chromatography; wherein the chromatography comprises:
(1) pre-wetting a resin;
(2) exposing the farnesene composition to the resin; and
(3) collecting the farnesene from the resin.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the farnesene composition comprises farnesene and one or more impurities.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more impurities comprise one or more polar impurities comprising farnesoic acid, farnesol, farnesene oxide, farnesene epoxide, a fatty acid, a sterol, hexahydrofarnesoic acid (HHFA), santalene, or santalol.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the farnesene composition has a concentration of one or more impurities of between 1 ppm and 15,000 ppm.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the resin has:
(a) a bulk density of between 0.1 g/mL and 0.75 g/ml;
(b) a pore volume of between 0.1 mL/g and 1.5 mL/g;
(c) a particle distribution size of between 25 μm and 800 μm; or
(d) an approximate water content of between 0.01% w/w and 9% w/w.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the farnesene composition is exposed to the resin following the pre-wetting step.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the farnesene composition is exposed to the resin with a minimum residence time on the resin of at least 10 min with a maximum downflow superficial velocity of between 1 cm/min and 15 cm/min, and a maximum upflow superficial velocity of between 0.1 cm/min and 10 cm/min.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steps (a) through (c) are repeated from 2 to 20 times.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the resin is regenerated following the collection of the farnesene from the resin in step (c).
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the resin is regenerated by:
(a) adding a polar solvent to the resin;
(b) removing the polar solvent from the resin;
(c) heating the resin; and
(d) cooling the resin.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the farnesene is purified from the farnesene composition with a purity of from about 95% (w/w) to about 100% (w/w).
12. A method of purifying isoprenoid, the method comprising:
(a) providing an isoprenoid composition; and
(b) purifying the isoprenoid from the isoprenoid composition of (a) by way of chromatography; wherein the chromatography comprises:
(1) pre-wetting a resin;
(2) exposing the isoprenoid composition to the resin; and
(3) collecting the isoprenoid from the resin.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the isoprenoid composition comprises farnesene and one or more impurities.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the one or more impurities comprise one or more polar impurities, optionally wherein the one or more polar impurities comprise farnesoic acid, farnesol, farnesene oxide, farnesene epoxide, a fatty acid, a sterol, HHFA, santalene, or santalol.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the isoprenoid composition has a concentration of one or more impurities of between 1 ppm and 15,000 ppm.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the resin has:
(a) a bulk density of between 0.1 g/mL and 0.75 g/mL;
(b) a pore volume of between 0.1 mL/g and 1.5 mL/g;
(c) a particle distribution size of between 25 μm and 800 μm; or
(d) an approximate water content of between 0.01 w/w and 9% w/w.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the isoprenoid composition is exposed to the resin with a minimum residence time on the resin of at least 10 min with a maximum downflow superficial velocity of between 1 cm/min and 15 cm/min, and a maximum upflow superficial velocity of between 0.1 cm/min and 10 cm/min.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the steps (a) through (c) are repeated from 2 to 20 times.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the resin is regenerated following the collection of the isoprenoid from the resin in step (c).
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the resin is regenerated by:
(e) adding a polar solvent to the resin;
(f) removing the polar solvent from the resin;
(g) heating the resin; and
(h) cooling the resin.
21. The method of claim 12 , wherein the isoprenoid is abietadiene, amorphadiene, cadinane, carene, cuminaldehyde, eugenol, farnesene, geranial, isoprene, limonene, myrcene, ocimene, α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, thujone, neral, eucalyptol, citronellal, carvone, or valencene.
22. The method of claim 12 , wherein the isoprenoid is cadinane.
23. The method of claim 12 , wherein the isoprenoid is farnesene.
24. The method of claim 12 , wherein the isoprenoid is purified from the isoprenoid composition with a purity of from about 95% (w/w) to about 100% (w/w).