RESOURCE-EFFICIENT MULTICAST IN NON-TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS WITH NON-TRANSPARENT SATELLITES
Systems and methods are described herein for providing network and protocol architectures to achieve efficient high speed data services in an integrated terrestrial-non-terrestrial network (iTNTN). The iTNTN can include at least a non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellite system and terrestrial radio access and core network infrastructures based on cellular standards (e.g., 5G). Embodiments specially configure packet-based routing and dynamic cell-CU-DU (cell to centralized unit to distributed unit) association to accommodate dynamically changing LEO satellite locations and other iTNTN characteristics. These and other configurations are used to enable features, including end-to-end IP data and Layer 2 data services, integrated LEO-GEO (low-Earth orbit and geosynchronous Earth orbit) and LEO-MEO (low-Earth orbit and medium-Earth orbit) services, direct UT-UT (user terminal to user terminal) services, and resource efficient multicast services.
1 . A method for multicast communication in an integrated terrestrial-non-terrestrial network (iTNTN), the method comprising:
receiving join messages from N user terminals (UTs) by a ground node of a satellite radio access network (SRAN) of the iTNTN, the join messages indicating a request by the UTs to join a multicast session, wherein N is an integer greater than 1;
forwarding the join messages by the ground node to a multicast gateway;
receiving, by the ground node from the multicast gateway, N point to point (PTP) streams of replicated multicast content associated with the multicast session, each PTP stream destined for a corresponding one of the N UTs;
constructing, by the ground node, for each of M cells determined to be serving the N UTs, wherein M is a positive integer less than N, a corresponding one of M multicast radio bearers, each multicast radio bearer to carry a corresponding one of M PTM streams to a corresponding one of the M cells;
fusing, by the ground node, the N PTP streams into the M point to multipoint (PTM) streams; and
sending the M PTM streams to the N UTs in the M cells via the M multicast radio bearers.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
generating, by the multicast gateway responsive to receiving the join messages, multicast membership information for the multicast session;
communicating the multicast membership information from the multicast gateway to a multicast content server that hosts the multicast content associated with the multicast session;
receiving the multicast content by the multicast gateway from the multicast content server; and
replicating and encapsulating the multicast content into the N PTP streams.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the communicating the multicast membership information from the multicast gateway to the multicast content server further comprises coordinating between the multicast gateway and the multicast content server to construct a Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) multicast tree for the multicast session.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein performance of the constructing step begins responsive to receiving a first of the join messages.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein each multicast radio bearer is constructed at a centralized unit user plane (CU-UP) level of the iTNTN.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein each multicast radio bearer is constructed to carry the corresponding one of M PTM streams to the corresponding one of the M cells via at least one satellite of a constellation of non-geosynchronous orbit (NGSO) satellites of the iTNTN.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the forwarding the join messages comprises forwarding the join messages from the ground node to a user plane function node of the core network via a tunnel as a unicast communication, such that the user plane function forwards the join messages to the multicast gateway.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the forwarding the join messages from the ground node to the user plane function node uses a combined user datagram protocol and Internet protocol (UDP/IP).
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the join messages are Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) membership report messages.
10 . A system for multicast communication in an integrated terrestrial-non-terrestrial network (iTNTN), the system comprising:
a ground node of a satellite radio access network (SRAN) of the iTNTN, the ground node comprising one or more processors and a non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon which, when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform steps comprising:
receiving join messages from N user terminals (UTs) by a ground node of a satellite radio access network (SRAN) of the iTNTN), the join messages indicating a request by the UTs to join a multicast session, wherein N is an integer greater than 1;
forwarding the join messages by the ground node to a multicast gateway coupled with a core network of the iTNTN;
receiving, by the ground node from the multicast gateway, N point to point (PTP) streams of replicated multicast content associated with the multicast session, each PTP stream destined for a corresponding one of the N UTs;
constructing, by the ground node, for each of M cells determined to be serving the N UTs, wherein M is a positive integer less than N, a corresponding one of M multicast radio bearers, each multicast radio bearer to carry a corresponding one of M PTM streams to a corresponding one of the M cells;
fusing, by the ground node, the N PTP streams into the M point to multipoint (PTM) streams; and
sending the M PTM streams to the N UTs in the M cells via the M multicast radio bearers.
11 . The system of claim 10 , further comprising:
the multicast gateway, the multicast gateway comprising a second one or more processors and a second non-transitory memory having second instructions stored thereon which, when executed, cause the second one or more processors to perform second steps comprising:
generating, by the multicast gateway responsive to receiving the join messages, multicast membership information for the multicast session;
communicating the multicast membership information from the multicast gateway to a multicast content server that hosts the multicast content associated with the multicast session;
receiving the multicast content by the multicast gateway from the multicast content server; and
replicating and encapsulating the multicast content into the N PTP streams.
12 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the communicating the multicast membership information from the multicast gateway to the multicast content server further comprises coordinating between the multicast gateway and the multicast content server to construct a Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) multicast tree for the multicast session.
13 . The system of claim 10 , wherein:
the multicast gateway interfaces with a core network portion of the iTNTN via a network reference point; and
the SRAN portion of the iTNTN is in communication with the core network portion of the iTNTN via one or more anchor nodes.
14 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the ground node and one of the one or more anchor nodes are in a same point of presence (POP) of the iTNTN.
15 . The system of claim 10 , wherein performance of the constructing step begins responsive to receiving a first of the join messages.
16 . The system of claim 10 , wherein each multicast radio bearer is constructed at a centralized unit user plane (CU-UP) level of the iTNTN.
17 . The system of claim 10 , wherein each multicast radio bearer is constructed to carry the corresponding one of M PTM streams to the corresponding one of the M cells via at least one satellite of a constellation of non-geosynchronous orbit (NGSO) satellites of the iTNTN.
18 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the forwarding the join messages comprises forwarding the join messages from the ground node to a user plane function node of the core network via a tunnel as a unicast communication, such that the user plane function forwards the join messages to the multicast gateway.
19 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the forwarding the join messages from the ground node to the user plane function node uses a combined user datagram protocol and Internet protocol (UDP/IP).
20 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the join messages are Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) membership report messages.