MASKLESS PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES OF FRACTAL GEOMETRY DIRECTLY ON 2D PRINTED CARBON-BASED NANOSHEETS UNDER ROOM TEMPERATURE UV IRRADIATION
A maskless photolithography technique is provided for the direct synthesis and integration of metallic nanostructures exhibiting branching and flower-like fractal geometries on two-dimensional (2D) carbon-based nanosheets, employing room temperature ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The photolithography process leverages the structural and electronic properties of carbon-based nanosheets comprising semiconducting organic carbon-based molecular monolayers connected by metallic atoms providing strong covalent linkages. By embedding the metallic precursor for fractal nanostructures within the carbon-based nanosheet during the initial synthesis, UV irradiation initiates the photoreduction of metallic atoms and their growth into fractal nanostructures with high yield and uniformity.
1 . A maskless photolithography method for synthesis of metallic nanostructures with fractal geometries on three-dimensional (3D) printed two-dimensional (2D) carbon-based nanosheets using an ultraviolet (UV) or an electron irradiation.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the 3D printed 2D carbon-based nanosheets include organic carbon-based molecular monolayers joined by metallic atoms.
3 . The method of claim 2 , further comprising a covalent linkage between the organic carbon-based molecular monolayers and the metallic atoms.
4 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the metallic atoms are embedded in the carbon-based nanosheets during an initial 3D printed building-block synthesis process.
5 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the UV irradiation initiates a photoreduction of the metallic atoms.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the photoreduction of the metallic atoms causes growth of the metallic nanostructures with fractal geometries.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the UV irradiation cross-links the 3D printed 2D carbon-based nanosheets.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the synthesis of metallic nanostructures includes a light-assisted technique.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the metallic nanostructures are utilized in an electrical circuit for a human implant, a solar cell, a fractal antenna, a unique identifier in a supply chains, or a techno molecular application.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein a complete electronic circuit component is integrated with the fractal antenna to build one or both of an electronic device and an energy conversion device.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the complete electronic circuit component includes one or more of a diode, a capacitor, and a transistor.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the diode includes one or both of an organic diode and an inorganic diode, wherein the capacitor includes one or both of an organic capacitor and an inorganic capacitor, and wherein the transistor includes one or both of an organic transistor and an inorganic transistor.
13 . A maskless photolithography method comprising generating metallic nanostructures with fractal geometries directly on three-dimensional (3D) printed carbon-based two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, wherein metallic atoms are embedded into the nanosheets during a fabrication process using self-assembly molecular monolayers prior to an ultraviolet (UV) patterning process.
14 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising combining a light-sensitive 3D printed hybrid metal and carbon nanosheet with UV irradiation.
15 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising utilizing the metallic nanostructures to assemble an electronic device at a molecular level and in a bottom-up manner.
16 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising creating nanoscale fractal nanostructures at a high-throughput and with a high-precision.
17 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising integrating conductive fractal structures from a nano-length scale to a micro-length scale based on an irradiation condition including at least one of time or dose.
18 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the method is performed at a room temperature and an atmospheric condition.
19 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the method is template-free, solvent-free, surfactant and chemical-free, environmentally friendly, and does not require a subsequent step to create or transform the metallic nanostructures.
20 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising providing nanoscale resolution formation of the metallic nanostructures on the nanosheets.