Conductive Paste
A conductive paste is provided including a conductive material, glass frit and an organic vehicle. The glass frit includes V 2 O 5 , TeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 . V 2 O 5 is present in an amount of from about 15 wt. % to about 30 wt. % based on the total weight of the glass frit. Articles containing the conductive paste and methods for using the conductive paste are also provided.
1 . A conductive paste, comprising:
a conductive material;
a glass frit comprising V 2 O 5 , TeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 , wherein V 2 O 5 is present in an amount of from about 15 wt. % to about 30 wt. % based on the total weight of the glass frit; and
an organic vehicle.
2 . The conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein the glass frit comprises from about 40 wt. % to about 70 wt. % of TeO 2 .
3 . The conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein the glass frit comprises 10 wt. % to 30 wt. % of Bi 2 O 3 .
4 . The conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein the glass frit comprises from about 1 wt. % to about 12 wt. % of Al 2 O 3 .
5 . The conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material comprises metal.
6 . The conductive paste of claim 5 , wherein the metal comprises silver.
7 . The conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein the organic vehicle comprises a organic polymer and an alcohol.
8 . The conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein the organic polymer comprises ethyl cellulose.
9 . The conductive paste of claim 1 , comprising from about 55 wt. % to about 70 wt. % of the conductive material.
10 . The conductive paste of claim 1 , comprising from about 5 wt. % to about 15 wt. % of the glass frit.
11 . The conductive paste of claim 1 , comprising from about 20 wt. % to about 40 wt. % of the organic vehicle.
12 . The conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein the paste is substantially free of lead.
13 . The conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein the paste is substantially free from one or more additional transition metal oxides.
14 . The conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein the conductive paste exhibits a resistivity of about 3.5 mohm/sq. to less than about 8 mohm/sq. when fired at a temperature less than 450° C.
15 . An article comprising a battery wherein the conductive paste of claim 1 is applied to the battery to form one or more terminal electrodes.
16 . A method for forming an article comprising a terminal electrode for a battery, the method comprising:
disposing a conductive paste on the article, the conductive paste comprising:
a conductive material;
a glass frit comprising V 2 O 5 , TeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 , wherein V 2 O 5 is present in an amount of from about 15 wt. % to about 30 wt. %; and
an organic vehicle; and
heating the conductive paste to a firing temperature less than about 450° C.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the glass frit comprises from about 40 wt. % to about 70 wt. % of TeO 2 .
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the glass frit comprises 10 wt. % to 30 wt. % of Bi 2 O 3 .
19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the glass frit comprises from about 1 wt. % to about 12 wt. % of Al 2 O 3 .
20 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the conductive material comprises silver.