High-throughput assay for cell migration, chemotaxis, and function
An assay system permits study of cell migration through tissue-relevant extracellular matrices under a chemokine gradient within a modular assay platform. Activated CD3+ T-cells were detected, quantified, and studied as they migrated towards chemokines (CXCL10 and CXCL12) and chemokine mimetics (CXCR3 agonist) using the assay system. Discovery of drugs, and the study of microenvironments, stimuli, and responding cells are facilitated by the assay system.
1. A method of assaying chemotaxis of a cell population, comprising:
providing an assay plate comprising a first two-channel microfluidics unit comprising a first channel and a second channel, wherein the first channel comprises a first gel; wherein the second channel comprises a second gel, wherein the first channel comprises a well at each end and the second channel comprises a well at one end, wherein the first gel in the first channel extends between wells at each end, wherein the second gel in the second channel extends from the well at one end through a central window in which the first and second channels are in fluid communication over a distance; wherein the central window is distal to the well of the second channel;
adding a population of cells to a well of the assay plate, wherein the well is at one end of the first channel and the well is proximal to the well of the second channel;
adding a fluid medium to the well of the second channel and to the distal well of the first channel;
adding a test substance to the distal well of the first channel;
monitoring location of the cells of the population within the central window as the cells traverse the first channel from the well containing the cells toward the well containing the test substance.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the test substance is an agonist of a chemoattractant receptor.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the test substance is a chemoattractant.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the test substance is an antagonist of a chemoattractant.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the population of cells are immune cells.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the population of cells are T cells.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the population of cells are a subset of T cells selected from the group consisting of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, naïve T cells, memory T cells, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, and activated T cells.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the monitoring measures speed of cell migration.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the monitoring measures distance of cell migration.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the monitoring utilizes confocal microscopy.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the assay plate is not rocked before or during the monitoring.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the assay plate comprises a plurality of two-channel microfluidic units, wherein different test substances are added to different distal wells of the first channels of different two-channel microfluidic units.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the different test substances are provided by different cell populations that make the test substances in situ.
14. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of identifying a test substance as a chemoattractant.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein a known chemoattractant in addition to the test substance is added to the distal wells of the first channels.
16. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of identifying an agonist of the chemoattractant receptor.
17. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of identifying an antagonist of the chemoattractant.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the assay plate comprises a plurality of two-channel microfluidic units, wherein different types of populations of cells are added to different proximal wells of the first channels of different two-channel microfluidic units.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein the assay plate comprises a plurality of two-channel microfluidic units, wherein different concentrations of test substances are added to different distal wells of the first channels of different two-channel microfluidic units.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein the assay plate comprises a plurality of two-channel microfluidic units, wherein different concentrations of the test substance are added to the well of the second channel of different two-channel microfluidic units to create different gradients of the test substance in different two-channel microfluidic units.
21. The method of claim 1 wherein the assay plate comprises a plurality of two-channel microfluidic units, wherein populations of cells previously subjected to different treatments are added to different proximal wells of the first channels of different two-channel microfluidic units.
22. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of identifying a cell population that makes a chemoattractant.
23. The method of claim 1 wherein the first gel and the second gel comprise extracellular matrix.
24. The method of claim 1 wherein the first gel comprises collagen.
25. The method of claim 1 wherein the first gel comprises aligned collagen fibers.