Hybrid Planar Active Electromagnetic Suspension
A suspension includes inner magnets coupled to an inner cylindrical member and outer magnets coupled to an outer cylindrical member that circumscribes the inner cylindrical member. The inner magnets are stacked on top of one another in an axial direction and include a first set having a first polarity alternately arrayed with a second set having a second polarity. The outer magnets are stacked on top of one another in the axial direction and include a first set having the first polarity alternately arrayed with a second set having the second polarity. Each inner magnet in the first set is radially aligned with an outer magnet in the second set and each inner magnet in the second set is radially aligned with an outer magnet in the first set to provide an attractive electromagnetic field between the magnets that passively absorbs axial displacement between the inner and outer cylindrical members.
1 . An electromagnetic suspension comprising:
a plurality of inner magnets coupled to an inner cylindrical member that defines a longitudinal axis, the plurality of inner magnets axially stacked on top of one another in an axial direction parallel to the longitudinal axis and comprising:
a first set of inner magnets each having a first polarity; and
a second set of inner magnets each having a second polarity different than the first polarity, the second set of inner magnets and the first set of inner magnets alternately arrayed in the axial direction;
a plurality of outer magnets coupled to an outer cylindrical member that circumscribes the inner cylindrical member, the plurality of outer magnets axially stacked on top of one another in the axial direction and comprising:
a first set of outer magnets each having the first polarity; and
a second set of outer magnets each having the second polarity, the second set of outer magnets and the first set of outer magnets alternately arrayed in the axial direction; and
a stator assembly comprising stator windings radially opposing inner cylindrical surfaces of the plurality of inner magnets axially stacked on top of one another in the axial direction.
2 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 1 , wherein each inner magnet in the first set of inner magnets is radially aligned with a respective outer magnet in the second set of outer magnets and each inner magnet in the second set of inner magnets is radially aligned with a respective outer magnet in the first set of outer magnets to provide an attractive electromagnetic field between the inner and outer magnets that resists movement of the inner cylindrical member relative to the outer cylindrical member in the axial direction.
3 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 1 , wherein the stator windings are configured to receive current to energize the stator windings to provide an active suspension mode for damping high-frequency vibrations caused by displacements between the inner cylindrical member and the outer cylindrical member in the axial direction.
4 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 3 , further comprising an inverter configured to control the current supplied from an energy storage device to energize the stator windings.
5 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 1 , wherein the stator windings comprise three-phase windings.
6 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 1 , wherein the stator windings comprise single-phase windings.
7 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 1 , wherein the inner cylindrical member is coupled to one of a sprung mass or an un-sprung mass and the outer cylindrical member is coupled to the other one of the sprung mass or the un-sprung mass.
8 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 7 , wherein the sprung mass comprises a vehicle body member and the un-sprung mass comprises a vehicle wheel.
9 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 1 , wherein:
each corresponding inner magnet defines a ring-shape having an inner cylindrical surface radially opposing an outer periphery of the inner cylindrical member, and an outer cylindrical surface; and
each corresponding outer magnet defines a ring-shape having an inner cylindrical surface radially opposing the outer cylindrical member, and an outer cylindrical surface, the inner cylindrical surface of the corresponding outer magnet radially opposing the outer cylindrical surface of the respective inner magnet in the first set of inner magnets or the second set of inner magnets that is radially aligned with the corresponding outer magnet.
10 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 1 , wherein a radial flux gap is disposed between the stator windings and the inner cylindrical surfaces of the plurality of inner magnets.
11 . An electromagnetic suspension comprising:
a plurality of inner magnets coupled to an inner cylindrical member that defines a longitudinal axis, the plurality of inner magnets axially stacked on top of one another in an axial direction parallel to the longitudinal axis and comprising:
a first set of inner magnets each having a first polarity; and
a second set of inner magnets each having a second polarity different than the first polarity, the second set of inner magnets and the first set of inner magnets alternately arrayed in the axial direction;
a plurality of outer magnets coupled to an outer cylindrical member that circumscribes the inner cylindrical member, the plurality of outer magnets axially stacked on top of one another in the axial direction and comprising:
a first set of outer magnets each having the first polarity; and
a second set of outer magnets each having the second polarity, the second set of outer magnets and the first set of outer magnets alternately arrayed in the axial direction; and
a stator assembly comprising stator windings radially opposing outer cylindrical surfaces of the plurality of outer magnets axially stacked on top of one another in the axial direction.
12 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 11 , wherein each inner magnet in the first set of inner magnets is radially aligned with a respective outer magnet in the second set of outer magnets and each inner magnet in the second set of inner magnets is radially aligned with a respective outer magnet in the first set of outer magnets to provide an attractive electromagnetic field between the inner and outer magnets that resists movement of the inner cylindrical member relative to the outer cylindrical member in the axial direction.
13 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 11 , wherein the stator windings are configured to receive current to energize the stator windings to provide an active suspension mode for damping high-frequency vibrations caused by displacements between the inner cylindrical member and the outer cylindrical member in the axial direction.
14 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 13 , further comprising an inverter configured to control the current supplied from an energy storage device to energize the stator windings.
15 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 11 , wherein the stator windings comprise three-phase windings.
16 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 11 , wherein the stator windings comprise single-phase windings.
17 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 11 , wherein the inner cylindrical member is coupled to one of a sprung mass or an un-sprung mass and the outer cylindrical member is coupled to the other one of the sprung mass or the un-sprung mass.
18 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 17 , wherein the sprung mass comprises a vehicle body member and the un-sprung mass comprises a vehicle wheel.
19 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 11 , wherein:
each corresponding inner magnet defines a ring-shape having an inner cylindrical surface radially opposing an outer periphery of the inner cylindrical member, and an outer cylindrical surface; and
each corresponding outer magnet defines a ring-shape having an inner cylindrical surface radially opposing the outer cylindrical member, and an outer cylindrical surface, the inner cylindrical surface of the corresponding outer magnet radially opposing the outer cylindrical surface of the respective inner magnet in the first set of inner magnets or the second set of inner magnets that is radially aligned with the corresponding outer magnet.
20 . The electromagnetic suspension of claim 19 , wherein a radial flux gap is disposed between the stator windings and the outer cylindrical surfaces of the plurality of outer magnets.