NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS PLASTICSED BIODEGRADABLE THERMOPLASTIC STARCH COMPOSITION AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF
The present disclosure provides a novel and biodegradable thermoplastic starch composition and a preparation method thereof. Compared to conventional thermoplastic starch materials, the thermoplastic starch composition of the present disclosure shows enhanced mechanical strength, improved stability and resistance to retrogradation, and is able to maintain their biodegradability with no need for blending with fossil-based plastics.
1 . A thermoplastic starch composition, comprising:
100 parts by weight of at least one starch-based material; and
1-30 parts by weight of at least one nitrogen-containing plasticizer, the nitrogen-containing plasticizer is a compound or deep eutectic system having at least three nitrogen atoms.
2 . The thermoplastic starch composition of claim 1 , wherein the compound having at least three nitrogen atoms is one or more selected from a group consisting of arginine, guanidine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, 2-cyanoguanidine, bis(urea), melamine, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, poly(allylamine) hydrochloride, polyether amine, polyamides.
3 . The thermoplastic starch composition of claim 1 , wherein the deep eutectic system having at least three nitrogen atoms is urea-based deep eutectic system.
4 . The thermoplastic starch composition of claim 3 , wherein the urea-based deep eutectic system is a binary system comprising a second compound; the second compound is a quaternary amine compound or a salt thereof.
5 . The thermoplastic starch composition of claim 4 , wherein the quaternary amine compound or a salt thereof is choline chloride or betaine.
6 . The thermoplastic starch composition of claim 4 , wherein the molar ratio of urea to the second compound in the binary system is in the range of 4:1 to 1:4.
7 . The thermoplastic starch composition of claim 4 , wherein the molar ratio of urea to the second compound in the binary system is in the range of 2:1 to 1:2.
8 . The thermoplastic starch composition of claim 3 , wherein the urea-based deep eutectic system is a ternary system comprising a second compound and a third compound, the second compound is a quaternary amine compound or a salt thereof or an amino acid, and the third compound is a polyalcohol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, glycerol, sucrose, dextrose.
9 . The thermoplastic starch composition of claim 8 , wherein the quaternary amine compound or a salt thereof is choline chloride or betaine.
10 . The thermoplastic starch composition of claim 8 , wherein the amino acid is proline.
11 . The thermoplastic starch composition of claim 8 , wherein a molar ratio of the urea, the second compound to the third compound in the ternary system is in the range of 4:1:1 to 1:1:1.
12 . The thermoplastic starch composition of claim 8 , wherein a molar ratio of the urea, the second compound to the third compound in the ternary system is in the range of 3:1:1 to 1:1:1.
13 . The thermoplastic starch composition according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen-containing plasticizer is one or more selected from a group consisting of arginine, guanidine, diethylenetriamine, and urea-based deep eutectic systems when the thermoplastic starch composition is used for food contact applications.
14 . The thermoplastic starch composition according to claim 1 , wherein the starch-based material is natural starch, modified starch, or any combinations thereof.
15 . The thermoplastic starch composition according to claim 1 , further comprising:
1-20 parts by weight of oxygen-containing plasticizer, the oxygen-containing plasticizer is a C4-C8 oxygen-containing organic compound selected from the group consisting of acetal, acyl, alcohol, aldehyde, alkoxy, carboxyl, ester, ether, ketone, or any combination thereof;
1-20 parts by weight of one or more functional additives, selected from a waterproof agent, an antioxidant, a filler, a release agent, or any combination thereof.
16 . The thermoplastic starch composition according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, sorbitol, sugar alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, or any combination thereof.
17 . The thermoplastic starch composition according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic starch composition comprises a bio-based carbon content higher than 60% according to standards ASTM D6866 or EN 16640; and/or the thermoplastic starch composition comprises a bio-based content of more than 60% according to standard EN 16785-1.
18 . A thermoplastic composite, formed by compounding a thermoplastic starch composition according to claim 1 and a fossil-based plastic.
19 . The thermoplastic composite according to claim 18 , wherein the thermoplastic starch composition and the fossil-based plastic are in a mole ratio of no less than 1:1.
20 . A food-contactable product made from a thermoplastic starch composition according to claim 1 , the food contact product complies with standards GB/T 41220, GB/T 10457, GB/T 18006 or GB/T 10004.
21 . A food-contactable product made from a thermoplastic composite according to claim 18 , the food contact product complies with standards GB/T 41220, GB/T 10457, GB/T 18006 or GB/T 10004.