CYCLOALKYLUREA DERIVATIVE

1 . A compound of formula (1):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof

wherein

R 1 is optionally-substituted C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group, optionally-substituted 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group, optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbocyclyl group, optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocyclyl group, or cyano;

L 1 and L 2 are each independently single bond, methylene (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more C 1-4 alky), —NR 8 —, —C(═O)—, —OC(═O)—, —SO—, —SO 2 , —S—, or oxygen atom;

R 2 is hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, halogen atom, cyano, or optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl; or

when L 1 is single bond, R 1 and R 2 may be combined together as a spiro ring to form optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbon ring or optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heteroring;

R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano, —(C═O)NR 5 R 6 , carboxy group, —(C═O)O—R 7 , optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl, or optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkoxy, wherein R 3 and R 4 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; or

when R 3 and R 4 bind to different ring carbon atoms, R 3 and R 4 may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a fused ring or a bridged ring;

R 5 to R 7 are each independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, or optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl;

R 3 is each independently hydrogen atom or optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl;

n is an integer of 1, 2, 3, or 4;

Ring G is optionally-substituted C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group, optionally-substituted 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group, optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbocyclyl group, or optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocyclyl group;

A 1 is oxygen atom or sulfur atom;

A 2 is oxygen atom or —NR 8 —;

A 3 is —CH—, nitrogen atom, or carbon atom; and

the bond accompanied with broken line is each independently single bond or double bond.

2 . The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

in R 2 -R 2 , the optional substituent of “optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl” is the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl; and the optional substituent of “optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkoxy” is the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl;

in R 1 , the optional substituent of “optionally-substituted C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group”, “optionally-substituted 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group”, “optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbocyclyl group”, and “optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocyclyl group” is each independently at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 1-6 alkylamino (the alkyl group of which may be optionally substituted with halogen atom, hydroxy group, or C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), cyano, C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl optionally-substituted with the same or different one or more halogen atoms, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), and 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl); and

in Ring G, the optional substituent of “optionally-substituted C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group”, “optionally-substituted 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group”, “optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbocyclyl group”, and “optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocyclyl group” is each independently at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 1-6 alkylamino (the alkyl group of which may be optionally substituted with halogen atom, hydroxy group, or C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), and C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl); or when there are plural optional substituents, two of them may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a chemically-possible bicyclic structure selected from a fused ring, a spiro ring, and bridged ring.

3 . The compound of claim 1 or 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

in R 2 -R 7 , the optional substituent of “optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl” is the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy; and the optional substituent of “optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkoxy” is the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl;

in R 1 , the optional substituent of “optionally-substituted C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group”, “optionally-substituted 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group”, “optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbocyclyl group”, and “optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocyclyl group” is each independently at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), cyano, C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl optionally-substituted with the same or different one or more halogen atoms, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), and 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl); and

in Ring G, the optional substituent of “optionally-substituted C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group”, “optionally-substituted 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group”, “optionally-substituted C 3-6 saturated carbocyclyl group”, and “optionally-substituted 4- to 10-membered saturated heterocyclyl group” is each independently at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-6 alkylamino (the alkyl group of which may be optionally substituted with halogen atom, hydroxy group, or C 3-7 cycloalkyl), and C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); or when there are plural optional substituents, two of them may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a chemically-possible bicyclic structure selected from a fused ring, a spiro ring, and bridged ring.

4 . The compound of any one of claims 1 to 3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is selected from the following formulae (1a-1) to (1a-4):

wherein

X 1 -X 7 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR a6 ;

Q 1 and Q 2 are oxygen atom, —NR a7 —, or sulfur atom;

R a1 —R a7 are each independently (if there are plural CR a6 , each R a6 is also independently), hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), cyano, C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group; wherein R a4 and R a5 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; and when X 1 and X 3 are both CR a6 , the two R a6 may be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are each attached to form 6-membered carbon ring that is fused with the 5-membered ring comprising X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 ; and

q 1 is an integer of 1 or 2.

5 . The compound of any one of claims 1 to 4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is selected from the following (1b-1) to (1b-14):

wherein

W 1 , W 3 , W 5 , W 6 , W 7 , W 11 , W 12 , W 13 , W 15 , W 16 , W 17 , W 19 , and W 25 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR b4 ;

W 2 , W 4 , W 3 , W 9 , W 10 , W 14 , W 18 , W 20 , W 21 , W 22 , W 23 , and W 24 are NR b5 , oxygen atom, or CR b6 R b7 ;

R b1 -R b7 are each independently (if there are plural CR b4 , each R b4 is also independently), hydrogen atom, —N(R b3 ) R b9 , C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 3-7 cycloalkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl (said C 1-4 alkyl may be substituted with halogen atom), and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); wherein R b1 and R b2 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; or R b1 and R b2 may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a chemically-possible bicyclic structure selected from a fused ring, a spiro ring, and bridged ring; and

R b8 and R b9 are each independently hydrogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 3-7 cycloalkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl (said C 1-4 alkyl may be substituted with halogen atom), and 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl), 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); or R b8 and R b9 may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form 3- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing saturated heterocycle.

6 . The compound of any one of claims 1 to 5 of formula (2):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is selected from the following formulae (1a-1) to (1a-4):

wherein

X 1 -X 7 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR a6 ;

Q 1 and Q 2 are oxygen atom, —NR a7 —, or sulfur atom;

R a1 —R a7 are each independently (if there are plural CR a6 , each R a6 is also independently), hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-6 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), cyano, C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group; wherein R a4 and R a5 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; and when X 1 and X 3 are both CR a6 , the two R a6 may be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are each attached to form 6-membered carbon ring that is fused with the 5-membered ring comprising X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 ; and

q 1 is an integer of 1 or 2;

L 1 and L 2 are each independently single bond, —CH 2 —, or oxygen atom;

R 2 is hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, halogen atom, cyano, or optionally-substituted C 1-4 alkyl;

R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkoxy, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl), or C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 3-7 cycloalkyl); wherein R 3 and R 4 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; and when R 3 and R 4 bind to different carbon atoms on the ring, R 3 and R 4 may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a fused ring or bridged ring;

Ring G is selected from the following (1b-1) to (1b-4):

wherein

W 1 , W 3 , W 5 , W 6 , and W 7 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR b4 ;

W 2 , W 4 , and W 3 are NR b5 , oxygen atom or CR b6 R b7 ;

R b1 -R b7 are each independently (if there are plural CR b4 , each R b4 is also independently), hydrogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); wherein R b1 and R b2 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; or R b1 and R b2 may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a chemically-possible bicyclic structure selected from a fused ring, a spiro ring, and bridged ring;

A 1 is oxygen atom or sulfur atom;

A 2 is oxygen atom or —NH—; and

A 3 is —CH—, nitrogen atom, or carbon atom.

7 . The compound of claim 6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is selected from the following formulae (1a-1), (1a-2), and (1a-3-1):

wherein

X 1 -X 6 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR a6 ;

Q 1 and Q 2 are oxygen atom, —NR a7 —, or sulfur atom; and

R a1 —R a3 , R a6 , and R a7 are each independently (if there are plural CR a6 , each R a6 is also independently), hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), cyano, C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclyl group; wherein when X 1 and X 3 are both CR a6 , the two R a6 may be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are each attached to form 6-membered carbon ring that is fused with the 5-membered ring comprising X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 .

8 . The compound of claims 6 or 7 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is selected from the following (1b-1), (1b-2), and (1b-4):

wherein

W 1 , W 3 , W 5 , W 6 , and W 7 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR b4 ;

W 2 and W 4 are NR b5 or CR b6 R b7 ; and

R b1 , R b2 , and R b4 -R b7 are each independently (if there are plural CR b4 , each R b4 is also independently), hydrogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); or R b1 and R b2 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; or R b1 and R b2 may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a bridged bicyclic structure.

9 . The compound of any one of claims 6 to 8 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is selected from the following (1b-1) and (1b-2):

wherein

W 1 and W 3 are nitrogen atom or CR b4 ;

W 2 and W 4 are NR b5 or CR b6 R b7 ; and

R b1 , R b2 , and R b4 -R b7 are each independently hydrogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 6-10 aromatic carbocyclyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or C 3-7 cycloalkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy);

wherein R b1 and R b2 may bind to the same carbon atom if chemically possible; or R b1 and R b2 may be taken together via C 1-6 alkylene to form a bridged bicyclic structure.

10 . The compound of any one of claims 1 to 9 of formula (3):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is the following formula (1a-1), (1a-2), or (1a-3-1):

wherein

X 1 -X 6 are each independently nitrogen atom or CR a6 ;

Q 1 and Q 2 are oxygen atom or sulfur atom;

R a1 —R a3 and R a6 are each independently (if there are plural CR a6 , each R a6 is also independently), hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), cyano, or C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy); wherein when X 1 and X 3 are both CR a6 , the two R a6 may be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are each attached to form 6-membered carbon ring that is fused with the 5-membered ring comprising X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 ;

L 1 and L 2 are each independently single bond or oxygen atom;

R 2 is hydrogen atom, halogen atom, or C 1-4 alkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and hydroxy group;

R 3 and R 4 are each independently halogen atom;

Ring G is the following (1b-1), (1b-2-1), (1b-2-2), or (1b-2-3):

wherein

R b5 is hydrogen atom, or C 1-6 alkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy; and

A 1 is oxygen atom or sulfur atom.

11 . The compound of any one of claims 4 to 10 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is formula (1a-2), and

R a1 is hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy), C 3-7 cycloalkyl (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, hydroxy group, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy), or C 1-4 alkoxy (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkyl).

12 . The compound of claim 10 to 11 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is formula (1a-2), and

X 4 and X 5 are both nitrogen atom.

13 . The compound of any one of claims 10 to 12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is formula (1b-1-1), and

R b5 is C 1-4 alkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more halogen atoms.

14 . The compound of any one of claims 10 to 12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is formula (1b-2-1), and

R b5 is hydrogen atom, or C 1-4 alkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy.

15 . The compound of any one of claims 1 to 12 of formula (4):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R 1 is the following (1a-2-1):

wherein

Q 2 is oxygen atom or sulfur atom;

R a2 is C 3-7 cycloalkyl group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy) or cycloalkoxy group (which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy);

R 2 is C 1-4 alkyl;

Ring G is the following (1b-1-1) or (1b-2-1):

wherein

R b5 is C 1-4 alkyl which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and C 1-4 alkoxy; and

L 2 is single bond or oxygen atom.

16 . The compound of claim 15 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R a2 is C 3-7 cycloalkyl group which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from halogen atoms, and

R 2 is methyl group.

17 . The compound of claim 15 or 16 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

R a2 is cyclopropyl group which may be optionally substituted with the same or different one or more substituents selected from halogen atoms, and

R 2 is methyl group.

18 . The compound of any one of claims 15 to 17 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is formula (1b-2-1), and

R b5 is isopropyl group.

19 . The compound of any one of claims 15 to 17 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is formula (1b-1-1), and

R b5 is isobutyl group.

20 . The compound of any one of claims 15 to 17 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Ring G is formula (1b-1-1),

R b5 is isopropyl group, and

L 2 is oxygen atom.

21 . The compound of any one of claims 15 to 20 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Q 2 is oxygen atom.

22 . The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is selected from the following compound names or structures:

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-N-{(1S,6R)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1S,6R)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[3-(propan-2-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[3-(propan-2-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[3-(propan-2-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methyl-4-{5-[(1S,2R)-2-methylcyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}piperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methyl-4-{5-[(1R,2S)-2-methylcyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}piperidine-1-carboxamide

rac-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carbothioamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carbothioamide.

23 . The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is selected from the following compound names or structures:

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3R)-1-(propan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3R)-1-(propan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3S)-1-(propan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3S)-1-(propan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3R)-1-(propan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3S)-1-(propan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-methyl-4-{5-[(1R,2S)-2-methylcyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}piperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3S,4S)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(1R,6S)-6-{[(3R)-4,4-difluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide.

24 . The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is selected from the following compound names or structures:

N-{(1S,6R)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-{5-[(1R,2R)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{methyl[(3S)-1-(propan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{(3S)-3-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclobutyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{(3S)-3-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[(2S)-2-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[(2R)-2-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{(3R)-3-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{4-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{(3S)-3-[cyclopropyl(methyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{(3S)-3-[methyl(2-methylpropyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-(4-{methyl[(1-methylcyclopropyl)methyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-(4-{[(1-fluorocyclopropyl)methyl](methyl)amino}piperidin-1-yl)cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{(3S)-3-[(cyclopropylmethyl) (methyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{(3S)-3-[(cyclopropylmethyl) (methyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

rac-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-{(1R,2R,6S)-2-fluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-{(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-N-{(1R,2S,6S)-2-fluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-N-{(1S,2R,6R)-2-fluoro-6-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{4-[methyl(2-methylpropyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{4-[(cyclopropylmethyl) (methyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{4-[cyclobutyl(methyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3S)-1-(propan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

25 . The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is selected from the following compound names or structures:

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[1-(propan-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[1-(propan-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclobutyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3S)-1-(propan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3S)-1-(propan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-ethyl-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}piperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3S)-1-(2-methylpropyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3S)-1-(2-methylpropyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{[(3S)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(1R,6S)-6-{[(3S)-1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{[(3S)-1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-({(3S)-1-[(1-methylcyclopropyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}oxy)cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-6-{[(3S)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}-2,2-difluorocyclohexyl]-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-({(3S)-1-[(1-methylcyclopropyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}oxy)cyclohexyl]-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-({(3S)-1-[(1-fluorocyclopropyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}oxy)cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-(4-{methyl[(1-methylcyclopropyl)methyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

N-[(1R,6S)-2,2-difluoro-6-{[(3S)-1-(2-fluoro-2-methylpropyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-4-{5-[(1S,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide.

26 . A medicament for treating a disease related to orexin receptor, comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 to 25 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

27 . A medicament for treating narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy syndrome involving narcolepsy-like symptom, hypersomnia associated with Parkinson's disease, hypersomnia associated with dementia with Lewy body, hypersomnia syndrome involving daytime hypersomnia (e.g. Kleine-Levin syndrome, major depression accompanied by hypersomnia, dementia with Lewy body, Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Prader-Willi syndrome, Moebius syndrome, hypoventilation syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease type C, brain contusion, cerebral infarction, brain tumor, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Rasmussen's encephalitis, Wernicke's encephalopathy, limbic encephalitis, Hashimoto encephalopathy), coma, loss of consciousness, obesity (e.g. malignant mast cell, extrinsic obesity, hyperinsulinar obesity, hyperplasmic obesity, hypophysial obesity, hypoplasmic obesity, hypothyroid obesity, hypothalamic obesity, symptomatic obesity, childhood obesity, upper body obesity, alimentary obesity, gonadal obesity, systemic mastocytosis, primary obesity, central obesity), insulin resistance syndrome, Alzheimer, impaired consciousness such as coma, side effect or complication caused by anesthesia, sleep disturbance, sleep problem, insomnia, intermittent sleep, night myoclonus, REM sleep interruption, jet lag, jet lag syndrome, sleep disorder of shift workers, dyssomnia, sleep terror, depression, major depression, sleepwalking, enuresis, sleep disorder, Alzheimer's sundown syndrome, disease associated with circadian rhythm, fibromyalgia, condition resulting from decrease in sleeping quality, bulimia, obsessive eating disorder, obesity-related diseases, hypertension, diabetes, elevated plasma insulin level/insulin resistance, hyperlipemia, hyperlipidaemia, endometrial cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, cancer, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea, cholelithiasis, gallstone, heart disease, abnormal heartbeat, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, heart failure, coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, sudden death, polycystic ovary, craniopharyngioma, Prader-Willi syndrome, Froehlich syndrome, growth hormone deficiency, normal variant short stature, Turner syndrome, children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, syndrome X, reproductive hormone abnormality, decrease of fecundability, infertility, hypogonadism in men, sexual/reproductive-function dysfunction such as hirsutism in women, fetal defect associated with maternity obesity, gastrointestinal motility disorder such as obesity-related gastroesophageal reflux, obesity hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome), respiratory disease such as respiratory distress, inflammation such as vascular systemic inflammation, arteriosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, low back pain, gallbladder disease, gout, renal cancer, secondary risk of obesity such as risk of left ventricle hypertrophy, migraine, headache, neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease, psychosis, schizophrenia, facial flushing, night sweat, disease in genitalium/urinary system, disease associated with sexual function or fecundability, dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder, acute stress disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic attack, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, anxiety disorder, acute neurological and psychiatric disorder such as cerebral deficiency developed after heart bypass surgery or heart transplant, stroke, ischemic stroke, cerebral ischemia, spinal cord trauma, head injury, periparturient hypoxia, cardiac arrest, hypoglycemic nerve injury, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, eye damage, retinopathy, cognitive impairment, muscle spasm, tremor, epilepsy, disorder associated with muscle spasm, delirium, amnestic disorder, age-associated cognitive decline, schizoaffective disorder, paranoia, drug addiction, movement disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, fatigue, medication-induced parkinsonian syndrome, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, chorea, myoclonus, tic, restless legs syndrome, dystonia, dyskinesia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, urinary incontinence, withdrawal symptom, trigeminal neuralgia, hearing loss, tinnitus, nerve injury, retinopathy, macular degeneration, vomiting, cerebral edema, pain, bone pain, arthralgia, toothache, cataplexy, or traumatic brain injury, comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 to 25 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

28 . A medicament for treating narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy syndrome involving narcolepsy-like symptom, hypersomnia associated with Parkinson's disease, or hypersomnia associated with dementia with Lewy body, comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 to 25 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

29 . A method for treating narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy syndrome involving narcolepsy-like symptom, hypersomnia associated with Parkinson's disease, or hypersomnia associated with dementia with Lewy body, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 25 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.

30 . Use of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 25 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy syndrome involving narcolepsy-like symptom, hypersomnia associated with Parkinson's disease, or hypersomnia associated with dementia with Lewy body.