Direct capture of carbon dioxide
Systems and methods for direct air capture of carbon dioxide or other gases utilize a calcium sorbent in a manner that allows for wide scale, relatively low cost implementation. In particular, a calcium sorbent may be provided as a substantially thin coating on one or more substrates and utilized for direct air capture of carbon dioxide through chemisorption. The carbonated sorbent may be disposed of for sequestration of the carbon dioxide or regenerated with capture of carbon dioxide released from the carbonated sorbent during the regeneration process.
1. A method for direct air capture of carbon dioxide, the method comprising:
applying a calcium sorbent material on a substrate to define a layer of the calcium sorbent material on a surface of the substrate at a density of about 0.1 kilograms per square meter to about 5 kilograms per square meter;
subjecting the substrate with the layer of the calcium sorbent material to contact with air including carbon dioxide for a time sufficient for the calcium sorbent to react with the carbon dioxide and thereby capture at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the air and convert at least a portion of the calcium sorbent to a carbonated calcium;
removing at least a portion of the carbonated calcium from the substrate by subjecting the substrate to a force effective to cause at least a portion of the carbonated calcium to break and loosen from the substrate; and
processing the carbonated calcium such that the carbon dioxide captured from the air is ready for sequestration or other use.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the layer of the calcium sorbent material on the surface of the substrate is at a thickness of less than 2.5 cm.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the layer of the calcium sorbent material on the surface of the substrate has an average thickness of about 0.01 mm to about 2 cm.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is configured substantially as a sheet.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the sheet is flexible.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the sheet is non-porous.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the layer of the calcium sorbent material is configured to exhibit a carbonation rate such that at least 25% by weight of the calcium sorbent material is carbonated within a time of 96 hours or less.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the layer of the calcium sorbent material is configured to exhibit a carbonation rate such that at least 50% by weight of the calcium sorbent material is carbonated within a time of about 1 day to about 14 days.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting the substrate with the layer of the calcium sorbent material to contact with air including carbon dioxide comprises hanging the substrate in a location where the layer of the calcium sorbent material is in contact with the air.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein force to which the substrate is subjected is effective to cause the substrate to one or both of bend and flex.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the carbonated calcium comprise particularizing the carbonated calcium for sequestration of the carbonated calcium.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the carbonated calcium comprises further subjecting the carbonated calcium to ambient air for a time sufficient to increase carbonation percentage.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the carbonated calcium comprises:
calcining the carbonated calcium to release carbon dioxide therefrom and form calcium oxide; and
capturing the carbon dioxide released from the calcium sorbent.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising removing a portion of the carbonated calcium prior to the calcining.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising adding limestone prior to or during the calcining.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising slaking calcium oxide to form the calcium sorbent material.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein preparing the layer of the calcium sorbent material comprises dipping the substrate in a reservoir of the calcium sorbent material.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein preparing the layer of the calcium sorbent material comprises dripping or spraying the calcium sorbent material onto the substrate.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the layer of the calcium sorbent material is continuous across the surface of the substrate.
20. The method of claim 1 , where the air including carbon dioxide has a relative humidity (RH) of 40% RH or greater.
21. A method for direct air capture of carbon dioxide, the method comprising:
preparing a substantially continuous coating layer of a calcium sorbent material at a density of less than 10 kilograms per square meter on one or more substrates;
subjecting the one or more substrates with the substantially continuous coating layer of the calcium sorbent material to contact with air including carbon dioxide and having a relative humidity (RH) of 40% RH or greater for a time sufficient for the calcium sorbent to react with the carbon dioxide and thereby capture at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the air and convert at least a portion of the calcium sorbent to a carbonated form;
removing at least a portion of the calcium sorbent in the carbonated form from the one or more substrates; and
processing the calcium sorbent in the carbonated form such that the carbon dioxide captured from the air is ready for sequestration or other use.