VEHICULAR COMMUNICATION UNIT WITH INTEGRATED ACCESS AND BACKHAUL RELAY

1 . A communication unit for a vehicle, comprising:

an integrated access backhaul (IAB) vehicular mounted relay (VMR) module;

a terrestrial network (TN) antenna for wireless communication via a TN;

and a non-terrestrial network (NTN) antenna for wireless communication via a NTN, wherein the communication unit is configured for providing (1) wireless connectivity with the TN and the NTN, (2) backhauling over at least one of the TN and the NTN, and (3) seamless handover between the TN and the NTN; and

at least one mmWave antenna for in-vehicle wireless communication.

2 . The communication unit of claim 1 , further comprising:

at least one antenna for in-vehicle wireless communication with one or more of a telecommunication control unit (TCU) and at least one user equipment inside the vehicle.

3 . The communication unit of claim 1 , wherein the IAB VMR module is configured for communication selectively with at least one of the TN or the NTN.

4 . The communication unit of claim 1 , further comprising:

a digital link for connecting the communication unit to a TCU in the vehicle for in-vehicle wired communication between the communication unit and the TCU.

5 . The communication unit of claim 1 , further comprising:

a Wi-Fi modem configured for wirelessly communication, via one or more antennas, within the vehicle.

6 . The communication unit of claim 5 , further comprising:

a New Radio (NR) user equipment (UE) module for managing communications with UE connected via the Wi-Fi modem.

7 . The communication unit of claim 6 , wherein the Wi-Fi modem is operable for providing WLAN access for in-vehicle users via the NR UE module to the terrestrial network or the non-terrestrial network when the NR UE module is activated.

8 . The communication unit of claim 6 , wherein the Wi-Fi modem is operable for providing WLAN access to a TCU for connectivity to the TN or the NTN when the NR UE module is activated.

9 . The communication unit of claim 6 , wherein the communication unit is configured to activate the NR UE module for providing cellular connectivity when IAB VMR functionality is not available in a coverage area.

10 . The communication unit of claim 6 , further comprising:

an e-Call subsystem connected with the NR UE module, the e-Call subsystem configured to enable an in-vehicle passenger to make an emergency call via an e-Call microphone and speaker.

11 . The communication unit of claim 6 , further comprising:

a C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything) RF front-end module configured for connectivity with a C-V2X antenna, wherein

the Wi-Fi modem is configured for wirelessly transferring data, via one or more antennas, between the C-V2X RF front-end module and a TCU.

12 . The communication unit of claim 11 , wherein the C-V2X RF front-end module is configured to be operable for RF modulation/demodulation, C-V2X baseband signal sampling, digitization, and interfacing for wired transmission to the Wi-Fi modem.

13 . The communication unit of claim 12 , further comprising:

an automotive ethernet module configured to be operable for transferring data over an automotive ethernet link between the communication unit and the TCU.

14 . The communication unit of claim 13 , wherein the automotive ethernet module is configured to be operable for transferring data over the automotive ethernet link between the C-V2X front-end module and the TCU.

15 . The communication unit of claim 1 , wherein the IAB VMR module comprises:

an FR1 RF front-end module configured for connectivity with multiple antennas for MIMO RF reception of backhaul over a Uu link from a TN donor node in a frequency range FR1, or for RF reception of backhaul over a Uu link from an NTN donor node in a satellite;

a first FR2 RF front-end module configured for mmWave reception of backhaul over a Uu link from a TN donor node in a frequency range FR2, the first FR2 RF front-end module configured for connectivity with an antenna array using beam steering for tracking a signal from the satellite;

an IAB mobile termination (MT) configured to be operable for handling connectivity to the TN and NTN donor nodes by reception of the backhaul over a Uu interface;

an IAB distributed unit (DU) configured to be operable for handling connectivity to user equipment inside the vehicle by relaying the Uu interface into the vehicle; and

a second FR2 RF front-end module configured to be operable for mmWave front end serving of the user equipment inside the vehicle over a mmWave antenna.

16 . The communication unit of claim 15 , wherein:

the FR1 RF front-end module is configured for connectivity with the multiple antennas for MIMO RF reception of backhaul over a Uu link from a TN donor node in the frequency range FR1 below 7 GHz, or for RF reception of backhaul over a Uu link from an NTN donor node in the satellite; and

the first FR2 RF front-end module is configured for mmWave reception of backhaul over a Uu link from a TN donor node in the frequency range FR2 between 24.25 GHz and 52.6 GHz.

17 . The communication unit of claim 1 , wherein the IAB VMR module of the communication unit is configured to be operable for providing:

FR1 MIMO backhaul over a Uu link to a TN donor node or an NTN donor node with a vehicular distributed antenna system;

FR2 backhaul over a Uu link to a TN or NTN donor node with one or more array antennas using beam steering; and

in-vehicle multi-operator support via network sharing functionality.

18 . The communication unit of claim 17 , wherein the TN donor node is a TN donor gNB, wherein the NTN donor node is an NTN donor gNB.

19 . The communication unit of claim 1 , further comprising:

one or more e-Call antennas.

20 . A computer-implemented method, comprising:

monitoring, by a communication unit including an integrated access backhaul (IAB) vehicular mounted relay (VMR), communication parameters for a terrestrial network (TN) and a non-terrestrial network (NTN) for wireless communication;

detecting, by the communication unit, a request from a telecommunication control unit (TCU) for a network connection;

selecting, by the communication unit, a node from the TN or the NTN based on the communication parameters of the TN and the NTN;

establishing, by the communication unit, the network connection on the selected node; and

transparently switching to the selected node for the TCU based on changing parameter values of the TN and the NTN.