LONG-TERM FIRE RETARDANT WITH CORROSION INHIBITORS AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING SAME
A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a phosphate salt. The phosphate salt may include diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, or dipotassium phosphate, and combinations thereof. The forest fire retardant composition may include an ammonium source. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.
1 . A forest fire retardant concentrate, comprising:
a mixture of phosphates comprising:
at least one ammonium phosphate salt; and
at least two non-ammonium phosphate salts;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of steel, brass, aluminum, or magnesium, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 3.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate; and
a thickening agent, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate.
2 . The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the concentrate has a molar ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P molar ratio) of less than about 1.4.
3 . The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ammonium phosphate salt comprises at least one of: diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate, or sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate.
4 . The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the at least two non-ammonium phosphate salts comprise at least two of: a sodium phosphate salt, a calcium phosphate salt, or a potassium phosphate salt.
5 . The concentrate of claim 4 , wherein the sodium phosphate salt comprises at least one of: monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, or trisodium phosphate.
6 . The concentrate of claim 4 , wherein the calcium phosphate salt comprises at least one of: monocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, octacalcium phosphate, dicalcium diphosphate, calcium triphosphate, hydroxyapatite, apatite, or tetracalcium phosphate.
7 . The concentrate of claim 4 , wherein the potassium phosphate salt comprises at least one of: monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, or tripotassium phosphate.
8 . The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of:
an alkyl amine;
one or more azoles; or
disodium molybdate dihydrate.
9 . The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one of: a polyurethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, an acrylic polymer, a gum, a cellulosic, a sulfonate, a saccharide, a clay, an organosilicone, or a protein.
10 . The concentrate of claim 9 , wherein the thickening agent comprises the gum.
11 . The concentrate of claim 10 , wherein the gum comprises a polysaccharide gum.
12 . The concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising a colorant, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.04% to about 6.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate.
13 . The concentrate of claim 12 , wherein the colorant comprises an inorganic pigment and an organic pigment.
14 . The concentrate of claim 13 , wherein the organic pigment comprises a fluorescent pigment.
15 . The concentrate of claim 13 , wherein the inorganic pigment comprises iron oxide.
16 . The concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising a buffering agent present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 2% to about 58% relative to the total weight of the concentrate.
17 . The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein:
the concentrate is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate; and
the mixture of phosphates is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 62% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
18 . The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein:
the concentrate is a liquid concentrate; and
the mixture of phosphates is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 30% to about 80% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate.
19 . A final diluted product formed by diluting the concentrate of claim 1 with water;
wherein:
the final diluted product is intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires;
the mixture of phosphates is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 6% to about 28% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product; and
the final diluted product has a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.0.
20 . A forest fire retardant concentrate, comprising:
a mixture of phosphates comprising:
at least one ammonium phosphate salt; and
at least one of:
at least one mono-phosphate sodium salt;
at least one mono-phosphate potassium salt; or
at least one non-ammonium di-phosphate salt;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of steel, brass, aluminum, or magnesium, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 3.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate; and
a thickening agent, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate.
21 . The concentrate of claim 20 , wherein the at least one ammonium phosphate salt comprises at least one of: diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate, or sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate.
22 . The concentrate of claim 20 , wherein:
the mixture comprises the at least one mono-phosphate sodium salt; and
the at least one mono-phosphate sodium salt comprises at least one of: monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, trisodium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate, or sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate.
23 . The concentrate of claim 20 , wherein:
the mixture comprises the at least one mono-phosphate potassium salt; and
the at least one mono-phosphate potassium salt comprises at least one: monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, or tripotassium phosphate.
24 . The concentrate of claim 20 , wherein:
the at least one ammonium phosphate salt comprises at least one of: diammonium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate; and
the at least one mono-phosphate sodium salt, mono-phosphate potassium salt, or non-ammonium di-phosphate salt comprises at least one of: disodium phosphate, monosodium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, or monopotassium phosphate.
25 . The concentrate of claim 24 , wherein:
the at least one ammonium phosphate salt comprises diammonium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate; and
the at least one mono-phosphate sodium salt, mono-phosphate potassium salt, or non-ammonium di-phosphate salt comprises disodium phosphate.
26 . The concentrate of claim 20 , wherein:
the mixture comprises the at least one non-ammonium di-phosphate salt; and
the at least one non-ammonium di-phosphate salt comprises diacalcium diphosphate.
27 . The concentrate of claim 20 , wherein the mixture further comprises at least one mono-phosphate calcium salt.
28 . The concentrate of claim 27 , wherein the at least one mono-phosphate calcium salt comprises at least one of: monocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, octacalcium phosphate, or tetracalcium phosphate.
29 . The concentrate of claim 20 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of:
an alkyl amine;
one or more azoles; or
disodium molybdate dihydrate.
30 . The concentrate of claim 20 , further comprising a colorant, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.04% to about 6.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate.
31 . The concentrate of claim 30 , wherein the colorant comprises an inorganic pigment and an organic pigment.
32 . The concentrate of claim 31 , wherein the organic pigment comprises a fluorescent pigment.
33 . The concentrate of claim 31 , wherein the inorganic pigment comprises iron oxide.
34 . The concentrate of claim 20 , further comprising a buffering agent present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 2% to about 58% relative to the total weight of the concentrate.
35 . The concentrate of claim 20 , wherein the concentrate has a molar ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P molar ratio) of less than about 1.4 or greater than about 1.9.
36 . The concentrate of claim 20 , wherein:
the concentrate is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate; and
the mixture of phosphates is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 60% to about 99.5% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
37 . The concentrate of claim 20 , wherein:
the concentrate is a liquid concentrate; and
the mixture of phosphates is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 30% to about 80% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate.
38 . A final diluted product formed by diluting the concentrate of claim 20 with water;
wherein:
the final diluted product is intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires;
the mixture of phosphates is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 4% to about 30% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product; and
the final diluted product has a viscosity between 150 cP and 800 cP.
39 . The concentrate of claim 38 , wherein the final diluted product has a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.0.
40 . A forest fire retardant concentrate, comprising:
a mixture of phosphates comprising:
diammonium phosphate;
monoammonium phosphate; and
at least one of:
monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, trisodium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, octacalcium phosphate, dicalcium diphosphate, calcium triphosphate, hydroxyapatite, apatite, tetracalcium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, or tripotassium phosphate;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of steel, brass, aluminum, or magnesium, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 3.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate; and
a thickening agent, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate.
41 . The concentrate of claim 40 , wherein the concentrate has a molar ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P molar ratio) of less than about 1.4.
42 . The concentrate of claim 41 , wherein the concentrate has a molar ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P molar ratio) of less than about 1.3.
43 . The concentrate of claim 42 , wherein the concentrate has a molar ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P molar ratio) of less than about 1.1.
44 . The concentrate of claim 40 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of:
an alkyl amine;
one or more azoles; or
disodium molybdate dihydrate.
45 . The concentrate of claim 40 , wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one of: a polyurethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, an acrylic polymer, a gum, a cellulosic, a sulfonate, a saccharide, a clay, an organosilicone, or a protein.
46 . The concentrate of claim 45 , wherein the thickening agent comprises the gum.
47 . The concentrate of claim 46 , wherein the gum comprises a polysaccharide gum.
48 . The concentrate of claim 47 , wherein the polysaccharide gum comprises guar gum.
49 . The concentrate of claim 47 , wherein the polysaccharide gum comprises xanthan gum.
50 . The concentrate of claim 40 , further comprising a colorant, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.04% to about 6.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate.
51 . The concentrate of claim 50 , wherein the colorant comprises an inorganic pigment and an organic pigment.
52 . The concentrate of claim 51 , wherein the organic pigment comprises a fluorescent pigment.
53 . The concentrate of claim 51 , wherein the inorganic pigment comprises iron oxide.
54 . The concentrate of claim 40 , further comprising a buffering agent present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 2% to about 58% relative to the total weight of the concentrate.
55 . The concentrate of claim 40 , wherein:
the concentrate is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate; and
the mixture of phosphates is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 62% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
56 . The concentrate of claim 40 , wherein:
the concentrate is a liquid concentrate; and
the mixture of phosphates is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 30% to about 80% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate.
57 . A final diluted product formed by diluting the concentrate of claim 40 with water;
wherein:
the final diluted product is intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires;
the mixture of phosphates is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 6% to about 28% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product; and
the final diluted product has a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.0.