METHODS FOR REDUCING RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HEART FAILURE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED THEREWITH
The disclosure provides methods of preventing or treating heart failure in a mammalian subject, reducing risk factors associated with heart failure, and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of heart failure. The disclosure also provides methods of preventing, or treating LV remodeling in a mammalian subject, and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of LV remodeling. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide. In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic cationic peptide to reduce levels of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, reactive oxygen species, Nt-pro BNP, and/or cardiac troponin I, and/or reduce expression levels of MLCL AT1 and/or ALCAT 1 in subjects in need thereof.
1 .- 67 . (canceled)
68 . A method for reducing the level of cardiac troponin I in a mammalian subject in need thereof, the method comprising: administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the peptide D-Arg-2′,6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 3) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
69 . The method of claim 68 , wherein the subject has been diagnosed with heart failure.
70 . The method of claim 69 , wherein the heart failure results from hypertension; ischemic heart disease; exposure to a cardiotoxic compound; myocarditis; thyroid disease; viral infection; gingivitis; drug abuse; alcohol abuse; pericarditis; atherosclerosis; vascular disease; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; acute myocardial infarction; left ventricular systolic dysfunction; coronary bypass surgery; starvation; an eating disorder; or a genetic defect.
71 . The method of claim 68 , wherein the peptide is administered orally, topically, systemically, intravenously, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or intramuscularly
72 . The method of claim 68 , further comprising separately, sequentially or simultaneously administering a cardiovascular agent to the subject.
73 . The method of claim 72 , wherein the cardiovascular agent is selected from the group consisting of: an anti-arrhythmia agent, a vasodilator, an anti-anginal agent, a corticosteroid, a cardioglycoside, a diuretic, a sedative, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an angiotensin II antagonist, a thrombolytic agent, a calcium channel blocker, a throboxane receptor antagonist, a radical scavenger, an anti-platelet drug, a β-adrenaline receptor blocking drug, α-receptor blocking drug, a sympathetic nerve inhibitor, a digitalis formulation, an inotrope, and an antihyperlipidemic drug.
74 . The method of claim 68 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt comprises acetate or trifluoroacetate salt.
75 .- 117 . (canceled)