Apparatuses, systems, and methods for real-time signal detection and classification
A system for detecting and identifying signals in real-time. The system includes an antenna for capturing electromagnetic signals, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert the captured electromagnetic signals into digital signals, a database containing stored signal data, and a processor. The processor performs a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the digital signals to determine energy characteristics of the digital signals and compares the energy characteristics with the stored signal data. The processor buffers the digital signals to produce a buffered digital signal set and channelizes the buffered digital signal set to produce a plurality of buffered digital signal sets. The processor performs a cyclostationary algorithm on the plurality of buffered digital signal sets to detect cyclic characteristics of the digital signals and compares the cyclic characteristics with the stored signal data. The processor identifies digital signals based on the comparisons and displays the identified digital signals.
1. A system for detecting and identifying signals in real-time, the system comprising:
one or more antennas for capturing electromagnetic signals;
an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in communication with the one or more antennas and configured to convert the captured electromagnetic signals into digital signals, wherein the digital signals comprise IQ data;
one or more databases comprising stored signal data and/or associated parametrics; and
a processor in communication with the ADC and the one or more databases, wherein the processor is configured to:
dynamically cause the one or more antennas to incrementally sweep through a predefined frequency range to capture electromagnetic signals, wherein the incremental sweep comprises a plurality of bands having a predefined step size, and wherein the incremental sweep comprises a predefined dwell time for each band of the plurality of bands;
perform a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the digital signals to determine energy characteristics of the digital signals;
compare the energy characteristics with the stored signal data stored in the one or more databases;
buffer, simultaneously with performing the FFT and comparing the energy characteristics, the IQ data of the digital signals to produce a buffered digital signal set, wherein the IQ data is buffered for a predefined period of time;
channelize, simultaneously with performing the FFT and comparing the energy characteristics, the buffered digital signal set to produce a plurality of buffered digital signal sets;
perform, simultaneously with performing the FFT and comparing the energy characteristics, a cyclostationary algorithm on the plurality of buffered digital signal sets to detect cyclic characteristics of the digital signals;
compare, simultaneously with performing the FFT and comparing the energy characteristics, the cyclic characteristics with the stored signal data stored in the one or more databases;
identify the digital signals based on the comparisons of the energy characteristics and cyclic characteristics with the stored signal data; and
display the identified digital signals on a graphic user interface.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the predefined period of time is based on cyclic parameters of the electromagnetic signals within the predefined frequency range.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the digital signals are buffered in Random Access Memory.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein after performing the FFT on the digital signals, the processor is configured to detect, identify, and display the energy characteristics on the graphic user interface.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein after performing the cyclostationary algorithm on the plurality of buffered digital signal sets, the processor is configured to display the cyclic characteristics on the graphic user interface.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein after performing the FFT on the digital signals, the processor is configured to store the energy samples in the one or more databases, and wherein after performing the cyclostationary algorithm on the plurality of buffered digital signal sets, the processor is configured to store the cyclic samples in the one or more databases.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more antennas are configured to capture samples of radio frequencies between 20 MHz and 43.5 GHz.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more antennas include a directional antenna and an omnidirectional antenna configured for direction finding, wherein the processor performs a coherent subtraction algorithm to locate signals of interest.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the directional antenna is configured to capture signals of radio frequencies between 250 MHz and 26 GHz, and wherein the omnidirectional antenna is configured to capture signals of radio frequencies between 20 MHz and 43.5 GHz.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to perform a geolocation algorithm to identify a location of the identified signals, wherein the geolocation algorithm includes time-difference-of-arrival geolocation, frequency-difference-of-arrival geolocation, angle of arrival geolocation, or any combination thereof.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the energy characteristics and cyclic characteristics are combined and simultaneously compared with the stored signal data stored in the one or more databases.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein dynamically causing the one or more antennas to incrementally sweep through the predefined frequency range includes automatically determining a dynamic noise floor of the captured electromagnetic signals having radio frequency (RF) activity during an initial sweep.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein after the initial sweep, the processor is further configured to:
(a) perform the cyclostationary algorithm on the plurality of buffered digital signal sets of a first band to detect cyclic characteristics of the digital signals;
(b) perform the FFT on the digital signals of the first band to determine energy characteristics of the digital signals;
(c) store the IQ data of the first band in the one or more databases; and
repeat (a)-(c) for each subsequent band.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to perform heuristic match based on the energy characteristics and/or the cyclic characteristics of the digital signals that do not match with the stored signal data, and wherein the processor stores the digital signals that do not match with the stored signal data in the one or more databases.
15. The system of claim 8 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the one or more antennas to transmit a disruption signal to disrupt the signal of interest, wherein the disruption signal includes a frequency modulation signal, a replay signal, a surrogate signal, or a custom signal.
16. A non-transitory computer readable medium for storing instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
dynamically cause one or more antennas to incrementally sweep through a predefined frequency range to capture electromagnetic signals, wherein the incremental sweep comprises a plurality of bands having a predefined step size, and wherein the incremental sweep comprises a predefined dwell time for each band of the plurality of bands;
cause a software defined radio (SDR) to convert the captured electromagnetic signals into digital signals, wherein the digital signals comprise IQ data;
perform a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on captured digital signals to determine energy characteristics of the digital signals;
compare the energy characteristics with the stored signal data stored in one or more databases;
buffer, simultaneously with performing the FFT and comparing the energy characteristics, the IQ data of the digital signals to produce a buffered digital signal set, wherein the IQ data is buffered for a predefined period of time, and wherein the IQ data is buffered in Random Access Memory;
channelize, simultaneously with performing the FFT and comparing the energy characteristics, the buffered digital signal set to produce a plurality of buffered digital signal sets;
perform, simultaneously with performing the FFT and comparing the energy characteristics, a cyclostationary algorithm on the plurality of buffered digital signal sets to detect cyclic characteristics of the digital signals;
compare, simultaneously with performing the FFT and comparing the energy characteristics, the cyclic characteristics with the stored signal data stored in the one or more databases;
identify the digital signals based on the comparisons of the energy characteristics and cyclic characteristics with the stored signal data; and
display the identified digital signals on a graphic user interface.
17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the predefined period of time is based on cyclic parameters of the electromagnetic signals within the predefined frequency range.
18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17 , wherein dynamically causing the one or more antennas to incrementally sweep through the predefined frequency range includes automatically determining a dynamic noise floor of the captured electromagnetic signals having radio frequency (RF) activity during an initial sweep.
19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18 , wherein after the initial sweep, the one or more processors are configured to:
(a) perform the cyclostationary algorithm on the plurality of buffered digital signal sets of a first band to detect cyclic characteristics of the digital signals;
(b) perform the FFT on the digital signals of the first band to determine energy characteristics of the digital signals;
(c) store the IQ data of the first band in the one or more databases; and
repeat (a)-(c) for each subsequent band.
20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to perform heuristic match based on the energy characteristics and/or the cyclic characteristics of the digital signals that do not match with the stored signal data, and wherein the processor stores the digital signals that do not match with the stored signal data in the one or more databases.