TITANIA-BASED DUAL FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR REACTIVE CAPTURE AND CONVERSION OF CO2 TO METHANE AND OTHER PRODUCTS
This disclosure provides dual function materials (DFMs) useful in reactive carbon capture (RCC) processes with physical and chemical characteristics that provide an attractive alternative to direct air capture (DAC) and combine the steps of CO 2 adsorption, extraction, and upgrading into one process, thereby eliminating the need for compression and transportation of the captured CO 2 . This disclosure also provides methods of making and using these DFMs.
1 . A composition of matter comprising direct air capture means comprising combined carbon dioxide adsorption, extraction, and upgrading into one process.
2 . A method of direct air capture comprising at least the step of exposing atmospheric air to a composition of matter comprising direct air capture means comprising combined carbon dioxide adsorption, extraction, and upgrading into one process.
3 . A dual function material for use in reactive carbon capture, comprising:
a. a titania support;
b. an adsorbent that adsorbs carbon dioxide; and,
c. a catalyst that catalyzes the formation of a hydrocarbyl from carbon dioxide, wherein, the adsorbent is positioned on the support and the catalyst is positioned on the support adjacent the adsorbent.
4 . The dual function material of claim 3 , wherein
the titania support is a titanium oxide.
5 . The dual function material of claim 4 , wherein
the titanium oxide is at least one of TiO, TiO 2 , Ti 2 O 3 , Ti 2 O, Ti 3 O, Ti 3 O 5 , Ti 4 O 7 , and Ti 5 O 9 .
6 . The dual function material of claim 5 , wherein
the titanium oxide support has a surface area between about 25 m 2 /g and about 750 m 2 /g.
7 . The dual function material of claim 5 , wherein
the titanium oxide is TiO 2 .
8 . The dual function material of claim 7 , wherein
the titanium oxide is selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 P25, TiO 2 P90, and TiO 2 Hombikat M311.
9 . The dual function material of claim 3 , wherein
the adsorbent is at least one of Na 2 CO 3 , Na 2 O, CaO, K 2 O, MgO, Li 2 O, Cs 2 O, Rb 2 O, SrO, or combinations thereof.
10 . The dual function material of claim 3 , wherein
the adsorbent is Na 2 CO 3 .
11 . The dual function material of claim 3 , wherein
the adsorbent comprises Na 2 O and K 2 O.
12 . The dual function material of claim 3 , wherein
the adsorbent comprises between about 5% and about 15% by weight alkali metal, alkali earth metal, or alkaline oxide.
13 . The dual function material of claim 3 , wherein
the adsorbent comprises about 10% by weight alkali metal, alkali earth metal, or alkaline oxide.
14 . The dual function material of claim 3 , wherein
the catalyst is ruthenium (Ru) or nickel (Ni), or a combination thereof.
15 . The dual function material of claim 3 , wherein
the catalyst is ruthenium or a ruthenium oxide.
16 . The dual function material of claim 3 , wherein
the catalyst is ruthenium metal.
17 . The dual function material of claim 16 , wherein
the catalyst comprises between about 0.1% and about 2% by weight ruthenium metal.
18 . The dual function material of claim 16 , wherein
the catalyst comprises about 1% by weight ruthenium metal.
19 . The dual function material of claim 3 , consisting of
about 1% by weight Ru;
about 10% by weight Na 2 O; and
a TiO 2 support.
20 . The dual function material of claim 3 , wherein
the support contains no Al 2 O 3 .
21 . A method of making a dual function material, comprising:
loading a titania support with an alkaline metal salt adsorbent to produce an alkalinated support;
calcining the alkalinated support;
loading the alkalinated support with one or more catalysts; and
heating the alkalinated support to impregnate the titania support with the one or more catalysts to form a dual function material.
22 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the titania support is a titanium oxide.
23 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the titanium oxide is at least one of TiO, TiO 2 , Ti 2 O 3 , Ti 2 O, Ti 3 O, Ti 3 O 5 , Ti 4 O 7 , and Ti 5 O 9 .
24 . The dual function material of claim 21 , wherein
the titanium oxide support has a surface area between about 25 m 2 /g and about 750 m 2 /g.
25 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the titanium oxide is TiO 2 .
26 . The method of claim 25 , wherein
the titanium oxide is selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 P25, TiO 2 P90, and TiO 2 Hombikat M311.
27 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the alkaline metal salt adsorbent is at least one of Na 2 CO 3 , Na 2 O, CaO, K 2 O, MgO, Li 2 O, Cs 2 O, Rb 2 O, SrO, or combinations thereof.
28 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the alkaline metal salt adsorbent is Na 2 CO 3 .
29 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the adsorbent comprises Na 2 O and K 2 O.
30 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the alkaline metal salt adsorbent comprises between about 5% and about 15% by weight alkali metal, alkali earth metal, or alkaline oxide.
31 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the alkaline metal salt comprises about 10% by weight alkali metal, alkali earth metal, or alkaline oxide.
32 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the catalyst is ruthenium (Ru) or nickel (Ni), or a combination thereof.
33 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the catalyst is ruthenium metal or a ruthenium oxide.
34 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the catalyst is Ru 0 .
35 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the catalyst comprises between about 0.1% and about 2% by weight ruthenium.
36 . The method of claim 21 , wherein
the catalyst comprises about 1% by weight ruthenium.
37 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the dual function material formed consists of
about 1% by weight Ru;
about 10% by weight Na 2 O; and
a TiO 2 support.
38 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the titania support of the dual function material formed contains no Al 2 O 3 .
39 . A method of capturing carbon dioxide and converting it to a hydrocarbon product, comprising:
directing a stream of gas that includes carbon dioxide to contact a dual function material comprising:
a. a titania support;
b. an adsorbent that adsorbs carbon dioxide; and,
c. a catalyst that catalyzes the formation of a hydrocarbyl from carbon dioxide and a reactive gas,
wherein, the adsorbent is positioned on the support and the catalyst is positioned on the support adjacent the adsorbent
adsorbing carbon dioxide from the stream of gas until the adsorbent is substantially saturated with carbon dioxide; and
exposing the substantially saturated adsorbent to a stream of reactive gas to catalyze the formation of a hydrocarbyl from carbon dioxide and a reactive gas.
40 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the titania support is a titanium oxide.
41 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the titanium oxide is at least one of TiO, TiO 2 , Ti 2 O 3 , Ti 2 O, Ti 3 O, Ti 3 O 5 , Ti 4 O 7 , and Ti 5 O 9 .
42 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the titanium oxide support has a surface area between about 25 m 2 /g and about 750 m 2 /g.
43 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the titanium oxide is TiO 2 .
44 .
The method of claim 43 , wherein the titanium oxide is selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 P25, TiO 2 P90, and TiO 2 Hombikat M311.
45 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the adsorbent is an alkaline metal salt adsorbent selected from at least one of Na 2 CO 3 , Na 2 O, CaO, K 2 O, MgO, Li 2 O, Cs 2 O, Rb 2 O, SrO, or combinations thereof.
46 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the adsorbent is Na 2 CO 3 .
47 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the adsorbent comprises Na 2 O and K 2 O.
48 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the adsorbent comprises between about 5% and about 15% by weight alkali metal, alkali earth metal, or alkaline oxide.
49 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the salt comprises about 10% by weight alkali metal, alkali earth metal, or alkaline oxide.
50 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the catalyst is ruthenium (Ru) or nickel (Ni), or a combination thereof.
51 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the catalyst is ruthenium metal or a ruthenium oxide.
52 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the catalyst is Ru 0 .
53 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the catalyst comprises between about 0.1% and about 2% by weight ruthenium.
54 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the catalyst comprises about 1% by weight ruthenium.
55 . The method of claim 39 , wherein the dual function material comprises:
about 1% by weight Ru;
about 10% by weight Na 2 O; and
a TiO 2 support.
56 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
temperature of the dual function material is maintained at about a temperature of the the stream of gas that includes carbon dioxide.
57 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the stream of gas containing CO 2 is a stream of air, a process effluent, a greenhouse gas, or combinations thereof.
58 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the reactive gas is hydrogen gas.
59 . The method of claim 39 , wherein
the hydrogen gas is generated using renewable energy.
60 . The method of claim 39 .
wherein the hydrocarbyl is methane.