Hydrogen fueled electric power plant with thermal energy storage
The invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for operation of hydrogen fueled electric power plants integrated with thermal energy storage. It is an object of this invention to reduce the cost of providing reliable electricity from variable renewable energy sources by storing excess renewable energy and using the stored renewable energy to reduce the quantity of fuel required, to reduce the cost of producing hydrogen fuel by electrolysis, and to produce and store hydrogen at the power plant to eliminate the cost of transporting hydrogen and the need to upgrade natural gas pipelines and pipeline compressors.
1 . A combined cycle power plant comprising:
a combustion turbine generator configured to combust a fuel comprising hydrogen gas to generate electricity and produce hot exhaust gases;
a second heat source, different from the combustion turbine;
a thermal energy storage system configured to store heat from the second heat source;
a steam turbine generator configured to expand superheated steam across a steam turbine to generate electricity;
a feedwater reservoir configured to store feedwater condensed from steam exhausted from the steam turbine;
a boiler configured to boil feedwater from the feedwater reservoir with heat exclusively from the thermal energy storage system to produce steam and to provide a portion of the steam to heat the feedwater reservoir;
a superheater configured to heat steam produced in the boiler with heat exclusively from the thermal energy storage system to produce the superheated steam; and
an electrically powered electrolyzer configured to electrolyze steam produced in the boiler to produce the hydrogen gas.
2 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 1 , wherein the fuel consists essentially of the hydrogen gas.
3 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 1 , wherein the fuel comprises methane mixed with the hydrogen gas.
4 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 1 , comprising:
a compressor configured to compress the hydrogen gas produced in the electrolyzer; and
a hydrogen storage tank configured to store hydrogen gas compressed by the compressor for subsequent combustion in the combustion turbine generator.
5 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyzer is electrically connected to be powered by electricity generated by the steam turbine generator.
6 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyzer is or comprises a solid oxide electrolyzer.
7 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 1 , wherein the second heat source is an electrically powered heater.
8 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 1 , wherein the thermal energy storage system comprises a molten salt.
9 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyzer is fluidly coupled to electrolyze steam produced in the boiler and not further heated before reaching the electrolyzer.
10 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 9 , wherein:
the electrolyzer is or comprises a solid oxide electrolyzer;
the second heat source is an electrically powered heater; and
the thermal energy storage system comprises a molten salt.
11 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyzer is fluidly coupled to electrolyze steam produced in the boiler and superheated by heat exchange with the hydrogen produced in the electrolyzer.
12 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 11 , wherein:
the electrolyzer is or comprises a solid oxide electrolyzer;
the second heat source is an electrically powered heater; and
the thermal energy storage system comprises a molten salt.
13 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyzer is fluidly coupled to electrolyze steam produced in the boiler, superheated in the superheater, and extracted partially expanded from the steam turbine generator.
14 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 13 , wherein:
the electrolyzer is or comprises a solid oxide electrolyzer;
the second heat source is an electrically powered heater; and
the thermal energy storage system comprises a molten salt.
15 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyzer is fluidly coupled to electrolyze steam produced in the boiler, superheated in the superheater, extracted partially expanded from the steam turbine generator, and reheated by heat exchange with the hydrogen produced in the electrolyzer.
16 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 15 , wherein:
the electrolyzer is or comprises a solid oxide electrolyzer;
the second heat source is an electrically powered heater; and
the thermal energy storage system comprises a molten salt.
17 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyzer is fluidly coupled to electrolyze steam produced in the boiler, superheated in the superheater, and bypassing the steam turbine generator.
18 . The combined cycle power plant of claim 17 , wherein:
the electrolyzer is or comprises a solid oxide electrolyzer;
the second heat source is an electrically powered heater; and
the thermal energy storage system comprises a molten salt.